علوم زیستی دریا
Seyed Hashem Beitalavi; Hamid Mohammadiazarm; Milad Maniat
Abstract
In this study, in order to use prebiotics as one of the best solutions to maintain the health of farmed aquatic animals and increase their resistance against pathogenic instead of antibiotics, the effects of different levels of isomaltooligosaccharide (ISO) prebiotics on growth performance, biochemical ...
Read More
In this study, in order to use prebiotics as one of the best solutions to maintain the health of farmed aquatic animals and increase their resistance against pathogenic instead of antibiotics, the effects of different levels of isomaltooligosaccharide (ISO) prebiotics on growth performance, biochemical body composition, and mucosal immunity of red tilapia (Oreochromis mossambicus × Oreochromis niloticus) were investigated. For this purpose, 300 pieces of red tilapia were randomly divided into 15 aquariums with capacity of 100 L in 5 treatments with 3 replications. Experimental treatments as described in the control treatment without ISO, first treatment: the diet containing 2.5 g/kg of ISO, second treatment: the diet containing 5 g/kg of ISO, third treatment: the diet containing 10 g/kg of ISO, and fourth treatment: the diet containing 20 g/kg of ISO. Therefore, the fish were fed ad libitum three times per day for 8 weeks. The result showed that the used prebiotic ISO improves growth and nutritional performance, body biochemical composition, and some biochemical parameters of blood serum in red tilapia. In addition, the mucosal immunity indices of fish were improved under the effect of diets containing prebiotic ISO. Among the experimental treatments, the third treatment had the best performance in terms of final weight (13.4±0.31g), food conversion factor (1.02±0.02), percentage of protein content of body (13.49±0.25), blood serum protein (4.66±0.10 gr/dl), globulin (3.23±0.02 g/dl), and mucus immune indices such as mucus protein (20.29±1.05 mg/ml), immunoglobulin (62.0±0.32 mg/ml) 7), and lysozyme activity (9.14±0.24 u/ml). Therefore, it could be concluded that the use of ISO prebiotics at the level of 1% can have beneficial effects on performance of juveniles red tilapia fish.
علوم زیستی دریا
Narges Saremi; Saeed Keyvanshokooh; Seyed Mohammad Mousavi; Hamid Mohammadiazarm
Abstract
Abstract
This study was conducted to investigate the effects of nano-selenium (Se) and vitamin C on the growth and nutritional indicators and body composition of common carp (Cyprinus carpio) juveniles. Experimental diets were prepared with three levels of nanoselenium (0, 0.5, and 1 mg/kg) and three ...
Read More
Abstract
This study was conducted to investigate the effects of nano-selenium (Se) and vitamin C on the growth and nutritional indicators and body composition of common carp (Cyprinus carpio) juveniles. Experimental diets were prepared with three levels of nanoselenium (0, 0.5, and 1 mg/kg) and three levels of vitamin C (0, 500 and 1000 mg/kg). The fish were randomly divided into nine experimental groups in triplicate and fed with experimental diets for eight weeks. The results showed that fish fed with C500Se1 and C500Se0.5 diets had a significantly higher specific growth rate than other treatments (P<0.05). The lowest feed conversion ratio was observed in the C1000Se1 treatment and the highest in the control group (P<0.05). Also, based on the results, no significant change was observed in the carcass biochemical composition of common carp juveniles (P>0.05). In general, the results show that the composition of nanoselenium and vitamin C had positive effects on the growth and nutritional indicators of common carp, and it can be stated that the diet enriched with 500 mg of vitamin C and 1 mg of nanoselenium is recommended to increase the growth of common carp.
Introduction
Selenium (Se) is an essential micronutrient that participates in the structure of selenoproteins with vital biological functions in humans and animals. Selenium is involved in antioxidant defense, growth, fertility, immunity, digestion, and absorption of food in farmed animals, and has been used in nutritional studies on various fish species. Combined supplementation of nanoselenium and vitamin C improved growth performance and health status of Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) (Dawood et al., 2020). However, the positive effects of combining nanoselenium with vitamin C in common carp have not been investigated. As studies on other species suggest that the positive effects of nanoselenium can be enhanced in combination with other micronutrients (Khalil et al., 2022), the present study aimed to investigate the effects of nanoselenium and vitamin C on growth performance and body biochemistry of common carp (Cyprinus carpio) juveniles.
Materials and methods
Experimental diets were prepared with three levels of nanoselenium (0, 0.5 and 1 mg/kg) and three levels of vitamin C (0, 500 and 1000 mg/kg). The fish were randomly divided into 9 experimental groups in triplicates and were fed with experimental diets for 8 weeks. The fish were fed twice a day (9:00 am and 17:00 pm). Each experimental treatment was aerated with constant aeration and about 20% of water was daily exchanged. During the experiment, water quality parameters were daily monitored. Temperature ranges from 27.5 to 28.3oC, pH was between 7.5 and 7.8, dissolved oxygen was 7.2 to 7.5 mg/ml and photoperiods were about 10 hours of light and 14 hours of dark and was adjusted according to the daily natural light. At the end of the experimental period, all fish in each treatment were biometrically measured and the growth parameters were calculated.
Results
The results showed that fish fed with C500Se1 and C500Se0.5 diets had a significantly higher specific growth rate than other treatments (P<0.05). The lowest feed conversion ratio was observed in the C1000Se1 treatment and the highest in the control group (P<0.05). Also, based on the results, no significant change was observed in the carcass biochemical composition of common carp juvenile (P>0.05).
Conclusion
In the present study, the addition of nanoselenium and vitamin C, alone or in combination, to the diet of common carp increased the final weight and SGR and improved the FCR. These findings are in agreement with studies that investigated the effects of Nanoselenium or vitamin C supplements in their separate application on common carp (Ashouri et al., 2015; Ghafarifarsani et al., 2022) and other fish species (Çiçek and Özoğul, 2021, Dawood et al. 2021). In general, the results show that the composition of nanoselenium and vitamin C had positive effects on the growth and nutritional indicators of common carp and it can be stated that the diet enriched with 500 mg of vitamin C and 1 mg of nanoselenium is recommended to increase the growth of common carp.
علوم زیستی دریا
Ali Mohammadi; Leila Abdoli; Arash Akbarzadeh
Abstract
Abstract:Due to the implementation of breeding programs, imported rainbow trout have better growth and quality than the rainbow trout propagated in Iran. This compared the meat quality and stress resistance of Spanish imported and Iranian rainbow trout reared in both spring and river water sources. A ...
Read More
Abstract:Due to the implementation of breeding programs, imported rainbow trout have better growth and quality than the rainbow trout propagated in Iran. This compared the meat quality and stress resistance of Spanish imported and Iranian rainbow trout reared in both spring and river water sources. A total of 432 individuals from each breed were subjected to four treatment conditions with three replicates in 12 pools over a 90-day period. At the conclusion of the rearing period, meat quality was assessed through proximate analysis. Additionally, 20 randomly selected fish from each treatment were subjected to acute temperature stress, as well as exposure to acidic and alkaline pH conditions. Our findings reveal no significant differences in carcass protein and fat percentages between Spanish and Iranian trout across both river and spring water sources. The highest protein content was observed in Iranian and Spanish trout reared in river water. Moreover, survival rates of Spanish trout were significantly higher than those of Iranian trout when subjected to temperature stress, acidic pH, and alkaline pH in both spring and river water sources (P<0.05). Overall, our results demonstrate that Spanish rainbow trout exhibit greater resilience to environmental stressors compared to Iranian trout, likely attributed to the implementation of targeted breeding programs in this breed. INTRODUCTION Despite the widespread interest among rainbow trout farms in using imported fish for cultivation, there is a lack of comprehensive and definitive information regarding the superior growth, survival, and resistance of these strains compared to domestically produced rainbow trout. Limited research conducted in this field in the country has shown that larvae's growth indices and survival rates of Danish imports were superior to domestically produced larvae (Mahdavi et al., 2012). Additionally, Fattahi Tari and colleagues (2013) revealed that French rainbow trout had a higher protein content than Iranian samples of the same weight. Currently, Spanish eyed eggs are abundantly imported into the country and cultured in many farms (Mohammadi et al., 2023). It had previously been established that imported Spanish rainbow trout had better growth performance and survival compared to Iranian rainbow trout (Mohammadi et al., 2023). The current study involved conducting approximate analysis tests and environmental stress challenges to compare the carcass quality and resistance to acute temperature and acidic/alkaline pH stressors in Spanish and Iranian rainbow trout raised in spring water and rivers. MATERIALS AND METHODSDuring this study, a total of 864 specimens of rainbow trout fry—both domestically bred and imported from Spain (432 specimens of each)—were selected as experimental populations. These specimens, with initial weights of 19 grams for Spanish rainbow trout and 25 grams for Iranian rainbow trout, were stocked in 12 rearing tanks. The experimental treatments comprised four groups of Iranian and Spanish rainbow trout, each reared in two different water sources (spring and river) over a three-month period (90 days) in three replicates.The approximate composition of the whole body, including moisture, protein, fat, and ash, was evaluated using standard methods recommended by the Association of Official Analytical Chemists (AOAC, 2005). At the end of the feeding period, 20 fish from each treatment were randomly selected and subjected to three stress challenges—temperature stress, acidic pH, and alkaline pH—in two replicates for each stressor. The survival rate of the fish after exposure to stress was assessed and compared. RESULTS Over the 90-day period, the protein content in the flesh of Spanish and Iranian rainbow trout did not show a significant difference in either the river or spring water sources. However, within Iranian rainbow trout, significantly, higher protein content observed in river compared to spring water (P<0.05). The percentage of carbohydrates in the flesh of Spanish rainbow trout from the river water treatment and Iranian rainbow trout from river water did not show a significant difference (P>0.05).Spanish rainbow trout showed a 75% survival rate in both spring and river water sources. However, 100% of Iranian rainbow trout in both spring and river water sources were observed to be lethargic, dark in color, and at the water surface after 6 hours of temperature stress and 7 hours of acidic and alkaline pH stress. The survival rate of Spanish rainbow trout in both spring and river water sources against temperature stress, acidic pH, and alkaline pH stressors was significantly higher than that of Iranian rainbow trout in both spring and river water sources (P<0.05). DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSION The largest exporters of eyed eggs of rainbow trout to Iran include countries such as Spain, Denmark, France, Norway, and the United States. Nevertheless, comprehensive and definitive information comparing the performance of imported cultured fish to those bred in Iran is lacking. Previous studies have shown that imported Spanish rainbow trout exhibit better growth performance and survival compared to Iranian rainbow trout (Mohammadi et al., 2023). In the current study, the meat quality and resistance to acute temperature and pH stressors in Spanish and Iranian rainbow trout raised in two different water sources, spring and river, were examined and compared.The results did not reveal significant differences in the flesh analysis between Spanish and Iranian rainbow trout. However, the carcass protein content in Iranian rainbow trout was significantly higher in river water compared to spring water, which may be due to temperature and water quality differences in these two water sources.Environmental stresses, including temperature and pH stresses, particularly in intensive fish farms, can lead to reduced growth performance, health issues, and fish mortality. According to a study by Wagner et al. (1997), high temperature stress combined with high pH significantly contributed to fish mortality in rainbow trout. The current research indicated that the survival rate of Spanish rainbow trout in both spring and river water sources against temperature stress, acidic pH, and alkaline pH stressors was significantly higher than that of Iranian rainbow trout. This suggests that the breeding improvement in Spanish rainbow trout likely contributed to enhanced resistance against environmental stressors. These findings align with the better growth0 performance of Spanish rainbow trout compared to Iranian rainbow trout (Mohammadi et al., 2023).In conclusion, this study demonstrated that Spanish rainbow trout exhibited greater resilience against environmental stressors compared to Iranian rainbow trout. Additionally, considering the better growth and survival of imported Spanish rainbow trout compared to Iranian ones, it can be inferred that the better performance of Spanish rainbow trout is due to the implementation of breeding improvement programs in this species.
علوم زیستی دریا
Iman Amirzadekani; Nasim Zanguee; Seyed Mohammad Mousavi; Mohammad Zakeri
Abstract
270 fish (with an average initial weight: 20.04±0.19 g) were randomly distributed in 27 polyethylene tanks and fed by the carp commercial diet. The experimental treatments of 9 groups (4 groups with 3, 6, 9, and 12% of alfalfa powder, 4 groups with 1, 2, 3, and 4% of alcoholic extract and one ...
Read More
270 fish (with an average initial weight: 20.04±0.19 g) were randomly distributed in 27 polyethylene tanks and fed by the carp commercial diet. The experimental treatments of 9 groups (4 groups with 3, 6, 9, and 12% of alfalfa powder, 4 groups with 1, 2, 3, and 4% of alcoholic extract and one control group) with three replications were considered for 8 weeks. At the end of the experimental period, the activity of digestive enzymes was measured in terms of U/mg Protein and liver composition. Based on the results, the highest levels of activity of digestive enzymes, amylase (674.74±61.57), lipase (6/21±/096), alkaline phosphatase (452.84±28.18), trypsin (282.05±19.98) and chymotrypsin (0.10±0.001) in the extracts of 3%, 3%, 3%, 4% and 4% extracts, respectively, and the lowest amount of these enzymes were observed respectively with values of 388.17±38.27 (control), 2.51±0.55 (control), 187.7±19.36 (12% powder), 0.030±0.004 (12% powder) and 132.47±11.47 (9% powder) (P <0.05). The highest amount of hepatic glycogen (338.35±192.13 µg/g tissue) was measured in the 3% extract treatment and the lowest amount of hepatic glycogen (607.01±101.23 µg/g tissue was in the control treatment (P <0.05). The highest level of liver lipids (146.51±6.05 mg/g tissue) was observed in the treatment of 6% powder and the lowest level of liver lipids (72.99±4.46 mg/g tissue) was observed in the treatment of 12% powder (P <0.05). According to the present study, adding powder and especially alfalfa extract to the diet can increase the activity of digestive enzymes and increase liver lipid and glycogen at certain levels.
علوم زیستی دریا
Mozhdeh Nahayat; Mohammad Zakeri; Amir Parviz Salati; Ahmad Ghasemi
Abstract
This study aimed to determine the effect of feeding frequency on growth, nutrition, and survival indices in rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss). In this experiment, 216 rainbow trout with an average weight of 38 ± 0.11 g were distributed in 18 (300-liter fiberglass) tanks complete randomly. Three ...
Read More
This study aimed to determine the effect of feeding frequency on growth, nutrition, and survival indices in rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss). In this experiment, 216 rainbow trout with an average weight of 38 ± 0.11 g were distributed in 18 (300-liter fiberglass) tanks complete randomly. Three experimental treatments include different feeding times 1, 3, and 5 times a day (treatments 1, 2, and 3, respectively), were fed with 6 replications and based on 5% of biomass weight for 90 days. At the end of the experimental period, a significant difference was observed in all growth indices. In all these indicators, treatment 2 was superior to treatment 3. A significant difference was observed between treatments 2 and 1. The results of measuring feed efficiency ratio in this study showed that feed efficiency in treatment 1 has the lowest value and has a significant difference with treatments 2 and 3 (P<0.05). The highest value of this index was observed for treatment 2, while there was no significant difference with treatment 3. The lowest survival rate was observed in treatment 1, and the highest value was observed in treatment 2. The economic efficiency ratio showed the three times a day in treatment 2 the most cost-effective feeding times. So that the maximum amount of food cost was observed in treatment 1, and the minimum amount was observed in treatment 2. The results showed the frequency of feeding 3 times a day in terms of production in rainbow trout.
علوم زیستی دریا
Ainaz Khodanazary; Soraya Salehi; Eshagh Zamani
Abstract
The aim of this study was the effect of peeled and unpeeled shrimp on microbiological, physicochemical and sensory properties of white shrimp (Metapenaeus affinis) stored under ice. Physicochemical (TVBN, pH, TBA and FFA), bacteriological (mesophilic, psychrophilic, Enterobacteriaceae and Staphylococcus), ...
Read More
The aim of this study was the effect of peeled and unpeeled shrimp on microbiological, physicochemical and sensory properties of white shrimp (Metapenaeus affinis) stored under ice. Physicochemical (TVBN, pH, TBA and FFA), bacteriological (mesophilic, psychrophilic, Enterobacteriaceae and Staphylococcus), color and sensory analysis were carried out at 0, 4, 8, 12 and 16 days of storage. Mesophilic, psychrophilic, Entrobacteriaceae and Staphylococcus counts of peel and unpeeled shrimp stored in ice increased from 4.27 log10 cfu/g, 5.29-5.32 log10 cfu/g, 3.25-3.99 log10 cfu/g and 3.86 log10 cfu/g to 7.50-7.62, 7.20-7.83, 6.75-7.13 and 6.42-6.69 at day 16, respectively. Mesophile, Entrobacteriaceae and Staphylococcus counts were lower in unpeeled white shrimp compared to peeled white shrimp during ice storage. However, thiobarbituric acid, free fatty acid, total volatile nitrogen and pH contents of peeled and unpeeled white shrimp did not show significant difference during storage on ice (P>0.05). Results of sensory evaluation revealed that peeled shrimp has not improved the sensory quality and color parameter of the white shrimp. Using the acceptability limit mesophilic counts (7 log cfu/g) showed that shelf life for unpeeled and peeled white shrimp stored at ice was 8 days.
علوم زیستی دریا
Maryam Khorramabadi; Ainaz Khodanazary; Ebrahim Rajabzadeh Ghatrami
Abstract
In This study, effects of chitosan and alginate enriched with gallic acid on quality of common carp (Cyprinus carpio) were investigated during refrigerated storage at 12 days.Treatments included 1) control, 2) chitosan, 3)alginate, 4) alginate-chitosan, 5)alginate-gallic acid, 6)chitosan-gallic acid, ...
Read More
In This study, effects of chitosan and alginate enriched with gallic acid on quality of common carp (Cyprinus carpio) were investigated during refrigerated storage at 12 days.Treatments included 1) control, 2) chitosan, 3)alginate, 4) alginate-chitosan, 5)alginate-gallic acid, 6)chitosan-gallic acid, 7)alginate-chitosan-gallic acid. Comparative aerobic mesophilic bacterial counts and psychrophilic bacterial counts of control and treated samples indicated that the highest amount of aerobic mesophilic bacterial and psychrophilic bacterial counts is related to control sample (8.47 and 8.91 Log10CFU /g, respectively) and the lowest amount of them is related with samples coated with chitosan-alginate enriched with gallic acid (7.21 and 7.22 Log10CFU /g, respectively). TBA, FFA, TVB-N, and pH contents of fillets coated with alginate-chitosan enriched with gallic acid were 0.21 mg MDA/kg fish tissue, 3.91 % Oleic acid, 25.24 mg N/100g, and 7.28, respectively, which had the lowest amount in the mentioned indexes compared with other treatments (P<0.05). The results showed that bacteria analysis, TVBN content, and pH content were significantly (P<0/05) lowest contents in the samples treated with alginate compared to control group in the end of storage. Results of sensory evaluation indicated that treated fillets had higher score in compared to control samples. Alginate-chitosan coating enriched with gallic acid indicated the gighest antimicrobial and antioxidant activities compared to other coatings. Therefore, to extend the shelf life and delay the deterioration of fresh common carp fillets during refrigerated storage, alginate-chitosan coating in combination of gallic acid is more effective for 3 days.
علوم زیستی دریا
Hooman Makvandi; Mahsa Haghi; Mohammad Zakeri
Abstract
The goal of the current study was to determine how feeding interactions among three species of tilapia affected growth and survival indices at various weights in the laboratory. In this study, four experimental groups were examined based on various weights at 60 days in the lab: control, the interaction ...
Read More
The goal of the current study was to determine how feeding interactions among three species of tilapia affected growth and survival indices at various weights in the laboratory. In this study, four experimental groups were examined based on various weights at 60 days in the lab: control, the interaction of Blue-Nile, the interaction of Blue-Zilli, and the interaction of Nile-Zilli. The most of growth-related indices in the Nile control were more appropriate than in other control treatments. The increase in body weight was significantly different across various treatments, according to the results of the growth and survival indices of Blue and Zilli. Zilli had 100% survival in treatments 6-7 and minimal survival in treatment 5. Blue tilapia also had the maximum survival in treatment 4 and the lowest survival in treatment 7. The results of Nile and Blue's growth and survival indices similarly revealed significant differences in most growth and survival indicators. So, in treatment 11, Nile tilapia showed the highest growth in body weight. Furthermore, the 10th treatment for the Nile considerably reported the lowest FCR. In this experiment, the Nile's highest survival rate was 100%. In Blue, the survival rate was at least 73.3%. The results of growth and survival indices were significantly affected by the exposure of Nile and Zili, like the other two interactions. In the 12th and 13th treatments, the FCR was assessed to be the lowest in Zilli and Nile. Nile in treatment 13 achieved 100% survival in the feeding interaction of Nile and Zilli. Blue tilapia appears to have less food competition than Zili and Nile. It was discovered that Nile, Zilli, and, Blue tilapia of varying weights exhibit more intense food competition behavior in laboratory conditions.
علوم زیستی دریا
Nasim Parniyan; Leila Abdoli; Asghar Abdoli
Abstract
A study was conducted to determine food habits brown trout (Salmo trutta), 63 specimen (42 males and 21 females) were caught using an electrofishing in January 2016. The range of total Length for males were 10.3-17.0 cm and for females 10.4-19.3 cm. Weight of males and female were the range of 8.1- 46.1 ...
Read More
A study was conducted to determine food habits brown trout (Salmo trutta), 63 specimen (42 males and 21 females) were caught using an electrofishing in January 2016. The range of total Length for males were 10.3-17.0 cm and for females 10.4-19.3 cm. Weight of males and female were the range of 8.1- 46.1 g and 8.05-76.12 g respectively. After counting and identifying the contents of the stomach, four prey, Trichoptera, Ephemeroptera, Plecoptera and Diptera were identified, with Trichoptera with 37.60% and Diptera with 52.24% having the highest relative frequency. According to Castello, the brown trout 's feeding strategy was general and the predominant prey was Trichoptera, and female specimens use Trichoptera exclusive. The mean Shannon index of male and female were 1.26 and 1.12, respectively, and there was no significant difference between the mean Shannon index of male and female. The mean Evenness index for males and females were 0.95 and 0.81, respectively, but there was no significant difference between the mean Evenness index in male and female. The relative gut Length (RLG) and diet composition of S. trutta suggests carnivore
علوم زیستی دریا
Hakime Fartoosi; Ebrahim Rajabzadeh Ghatrami; Ainaz Khodanazary; Hossein Pasha Zanoosi
Abstract
The acidic and alkaline conditions of marine food products have an effect on the quality of the products and the duration of their storage in the organolyptic state. In this research, the effect of different levels of Iranian lime juice on the biochemical and organoleptic characteristics of Vanami shrimp ...
Read More
The acidic and alkaline conditions of marine food products have an effect on the quality of the products and the duration of their storage in the organolyptic state. In this research, the effect of different levels of Iranian lime juice on the biochemical and organoleptic characteristics of Vanami shrimp for 60 days at freezer temperature was investigated. Biochemical parameters TVB-N, TBA, FFA and pH and organoleptic characteristics in control treatments (without adding lime juice), treatment 1 with one percent, treatment 2 with two percent and treatment 3 with three percent lime juice in 0 days. 16, 32, 48 and 60 were examined. The results showed that the parameters of pH, FFA, TBA and TVB-N showed an increasing trend in all 4 treatments with increasing storage time, but the value of these parameters decreased significantly with the increase in the level of lemon juice, and the lowest in the treatment containing 3% lemon juice. had the amount (P<0.05). At the end of the storage period (60 days of storage) with the increase in the level of lemon juice, the score given to the taste, smell and color of the shrimps was more favorable (P<0.05). On day 60, the treatment with 2% lemon juice had the highest score and the control treatment had the lowest score for taste (P<0.05). There was a difference in the amount of 1, 2 and 3% lemon juice on the 12th day of shrimp shelf life (P<0.05). 0P<) and the treatment containing 3% lemon juice showed the highest quality. Regarding the sensory parameters such as taste and smell, the 2% lemon juice treatment showed the highest quality (P<0.05). According to the results, lemon juice can be used as a suitable additive to increase the shelf life of shrimp and maintain its quality and taste.
علوم زیستی دریا
Reza Soltani; Ainaz Khodanazary; Seyyed Nasrollah Hosseini
Abstract
The objective of this study was to evaluate the freshness of gutted tigertooth croaker stored on refrigerator up to 16 days. Changes during storage were observed with sensory evaluation (Quality Index Methode QIM), pH, total volatile basic nitrogen (TVB-N), thiobarbitoric acid (TBA), and microbiological ...
Read More
The objective of this study was to evaluate the freshness of gutted tigertooth croaker stored on refrigerator up to 16 days. Changes during storage were observed with sensory evaluation (Quality Index Methode QIM), pH, total volatile basic nitrogen (TVB-N), thiobarbitoric acid (TBA), and microbiological analyses (total mesophilic and psychrotrophic count). The maximum shelf life of gutted tigertooth croaker stored in refrigerator was determined with loss of freshness (sensorial, physico-chemical and microbiological evaluations). High correlation R2= 0.857 between Quality Index (QI) and storage time was verified. QI ranged from zero (maximum freshness) to 34 (total loss of freshness) and reached the acceptable limit for consumption. The microbiological results showed an increase of mesohilic and psychrotrophic counts along the storage time. TVB-N ranged from 12.55 to 67.70 mg N/ 100g, pH from 5.95 to 7.85, and TBA from 0.70 to 2.16 in the first and 16th day of storage, respectively. It is suggested that gutted tigertooth croaker has to be fresh and acceptable for consumption by cooling up to 12 days.
علوم زیستی دریا
Adel Ghabtani; Seyed Mohammad Mousavi; Annahita Rezaie; Mohammad Zakeri; Isac Zamani
Abstract
The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effects of three commercial probiotics (Bio-Aqua®, Bio-Aqua pond®, and Multi Behsil 100) on the growth, nutrition, and biochemical parameters of common carp fingerlings. For this purpose, 210 common carp fingerlings (with a mean weight: 9.6±0.02 ...
Read More
The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effects of three commercial probiotics (Bio-Aqua®, Bio-Aqua pond®, and Multi Behsil 100) on the growth, nutrition, and biochemical parameters of common carp fingerlings. For this purpose, 210 common carp fingerlings (with a mean weight: 9.6±0.02 g and mean length: 12.9±0.32 cm) were randomly divided into 7 treatments (treatment 1 (control): basic diet without probiotics, treatment 2: 0.2 g of Bio-Aqua®, treatment 3: 0.1 g of Bio-Aqua®, treatment 4: 0.002 g/L of Bio-Aqua pond® dissolved in tank water, treatment 5: 0.001 g/L Bio-Aqua pond ® dissolved in tank water, treatment 6: 0.2 g of Multi Behsil 100, and treatment 7: 0.1 g of probiotic Multi Behsil 100) in triplicates, and 10 fish in each replicate. The commercial probiotics were added to the commercial diet, and the fish were fed based on body weight percentage for 60 days. Based on the results, the use of probiotics Bio-Aqua® and MultiBehsil 100, caused positive effects on the growth and nutrition parameters of common carp, although the use of 0.1 g of Bio-Aqua® per kilogram of the diet of common carp led to an improvement in growth, although, increasing the amount of this probiotic at the level of 0.2 g/kg led to negative effects on growth performance. The use of Multibehsil 100, caused positive effects on common carp. Thus, the best effect on growth performance and body composition was seen in the diet containing MultiBehsil 100 (0.1 and 0.2 g/kg of basic diet). Therefore, it can be concluded that the use of MultiBehsil 100 and Bio-Aqua® have favorable effects on common carp.
علوم زیستی دریا
Khatereh Mehrabani; Mohammad Khosravizadeh; Vahid Yavari; Seyed Mehdi Hosseini; Omid Beyraghdar Kashkooli
Abstract
The aim of this study was to estimate the amount and species composition of discards in bottom trawl fisheries in the Bosif fishing ground in the coastal waters of Khuzestan. Furthermore, the biological parameters of discarded species were assessed. Specimens were collected from commercial catch data ...
Read More
The aim of this study was to estimate the amount and species composition of discards in bottom trawl fisheries in the Bosif fishing ground in the coastal waters of Khuzestan. Furthermore, the biological parameters of discarded species were assessed. Specimens were collected from commercial catch data of trawl vessels in three seasons, autumn and winter 2017 and summer 2018. The results showed that discarded samples included 33 species from 28 families. Orangefin Pony fish and striped piggy species were the most frequent species in this study. The results also showed that the mean length of most of the discards species was below 30 centimeters. The amount of discards per unit of catching effort was 57.33±9.87, 27.50±16.64 and 32.33±7.50 in the autumn, winter and summer seasons, respectively. The catch per surface area in autumn, winter and summer were 2.77 ± 0.064, 0. 73 ±0.39 and 1.73 ± 0.44 kg/nm2, respectively. The results showed that CPUE and CPUA in winter were significantly higher than those in autumn and summer (p<0.05). In general, the results of this study represent high fishing pressure on ecologically important species in Bosif fishing ground especially in their critical life cycle which may affect local ecosystem structure and function in future.
علوم زیستی دریا
Edris Rahimi kia Rahimi Kia
Abstract
Echinacea purpurea (EP) a member of the Asteraceae family is one of the most popular herbal medicines. This study was done to evaluate the effects of dietary EP on growth and antioxidant defence status in rainbow trout, Oncorhynchus mykiss. A total number of 360 O. mykiss (mean weight 6.25 ± 0.02 ...
Read More
Echinacea purpurea (EP) a member of the Asteraceae family is one of the most popular herbal medicines. This study was done to evaluate the effects of dietary EP on growth and antioxidant defence status in rainbow trout, Oncorhynchus mykiss. A total number of 360 O. mykiss (mean weight 6.25 ± 0.02 g) were divided into four experimental groups including a control and 3 experimental groups that EP was incorporated in their diet at 0.5, 1 and 2 mg/kg. After 8 weeks of experiment growth parameters and antioxidant defence indices including plasma catalase, superoxide dismutase and glutathione peroxidase activity were measured. Our results showed that EP extract affect growth indices as the highest value of weight gain and SGR was seen in fish fed 2 mg/kg EP. Activity of catalase, superoxide dismutase and glutathione peroxidase did not affect by EP. Results indicated that feeding rainbow trout with EP enriched diets at 0.5, 1.0 and 2.0 g. kg-1 levels significantly enhance the growth but had no effect on antioxidant defence.
علوم زیستی دریا
Amir Bosak; Vahid Yavari; Hossein Mohammad Asgari
Abstract
One of the most important concerns in fisheries management is finding suitable areas and zones to invest in aquaculture with a sustainable development approach. The use of GIS is one of the most important factors for success in aquaculture development. Site selection of sturgeon breeding and farming ...
Read More
One of the most important concerns in fisheries management is finding suitable areas and zones to invest in aquaculture with a sustainable development approach. The use of GIS is one of the most important factors for success in aquaculture development. Site selection of sturgeon breeding and farming locations was carried out using the facilities of GIS and data analysis was performed using fuzzy model, hierarchical analysis process and the fuzzy criteria AHP. The main criteria used in this study were ecological, climatic, natural and environmental, economic and social factors, barriers and limitations and sensitive habitats. Then, using the weighting method, a competency map was prepared and with considering the merit and applying the average of the merit value of each place, the priority of each place was determined. Combining this method with fuzzy logic and application in GIS environment and also taking into consideration the weight and relative importance of each feature and option, has increased the efficiency of this method. According to the results, the highest weight was awarded to ecological factors (0.321), the next ranks were awarded to climate (0.205), economic and social (0.179), natural (0.167) factors and barriers and restrictions (0.129), respectively. The most suitable areas for the development of sturgeon breeding and culture centers are located in the northern, northeastern and eastern regions of the Khuzestan province. The most unsuitable sites are located in the southern regions of the province.
علوم زیستی دریا
Seyed Mahmoud Rabiei; Sakineh Yeganeh; Mina Esmaeili Kharyeki
Abstract
In the present study, the antioxidant properties of protein hydrolysate produced from Caspian mullet by-products at different hydrolysis times were investigated. For this purpose, 20 pieces of Mullet fish with average weight of 300±50 g were prepared, and their by-products including head, fins ...
Read More
In the present study, the antioxidant properties of protein hydrolysate produced from Caspian mullet by-products at different hydrolysis times were investigated. For this purpose, 20 pieces of Mullet fish with average weight of 300±50 g were prepared, and their by-products including head, fins and viscera were used for hydrolysis by alcalase enzyme 2.4 L (concentration 1.5%, temperature 55 ° C and pH 8) at different hydrolysis times including 30, 60, 120 and 180 minutes. Results showed that protein and ash content of protein hydrolysate powder were significantly increased and fat content significantly decreased compared to the raw samples (p <0.05). The soluble protein and the degree of hydrolysis of Mullet by-products increased with increasing the hydrolysis time up to 120 min (p>0.05). Free radical scavenging (DPPH) assay showed that increased with increasing the protein concentration up to 120 min. (p<0.05). The lowest IC50 value of DPPH scavenging activity was obtained at 120 and 180 min (1.04±0.06 and 1.01±0.01 mg/ml, respectively) (p<0.05). With increasing protein concentration and time of hydrolysis, the reduction ferric ion power increased significantly at all times and protein concentrations (p <0.05). Moreover, ABTS increased with increasing hydrolysis time up to 120 min (p <0.05). In general, due to the proper performance of the Mullet by-products protein hydrolysate on DPPH and ABTS free radicals scavenging and the ferric ion reduction, it can be stated that, this product can be used as an antioxidant compound.
علوم زیستی دریا
Amin Ghaedtaheri; Saeed Keyvanshokouh; Seyed Mohammad Mousavi; Hossein Pasha-Zanoosi
Abstract
his study aimed to investigate the effect of selenium and magnesium nanoparticles and their composition on growth performance, nutritional indices, survival rate and hepatic accumulation of nano selenium and nano-magnesium in Asian Sea Bass (Lates calcalifer) with mean weight: 32.78 ± 1.16 g for ...
Read More
his study aimed to investigate the effect of selenium and magnesium nanoparticles and their composition on growth performance, nutritional indices, survival rate and hepatic accumulation of nano selenium and nano-magnesium in Asian Sea Bass (Lates calcalifer) with mean weight: 32.78 ± 1.16 g for 42 days. After four weeks of acclimation to the experimental conditions, 96 fish were randomly distributed in 12 fiberglass 300-liter tanks in equal numbers. Four treatments including nano-selenium and nano-magnesium free as control group, 4 mg nano-selenium treatment, 0.5 g nano-magnesium treatment and combination of 4 mg nano-selenium and 0.5 g nano-magnesium were investigated in this study. The fish were fed daily in two times based on station. Fish biometry was performed in all treatments at the end of the experiment. Samples needed to measure liver accumulation were collected at the end of the period. The results of this study showed that the final weight in the treatment of selenium nanoparticles was significantly different (P <0.05), percentage of body weight gain and specific growth rate in selenium + magnesium nanoparticles treatment was significantly different compared to the control group (P <0.05). Nutritional indices of protein yield coefficient, feed intake and feed conversion ratio were not significantly different among experimental treatments (P> 0.05). The results showed that the survival rate was not significantly different among experimental treatments (P> 0.05). The highest levels of selenium and magnesium accumulation in liver were related to selenium nanoparticles and selenium + magnesium nanoparticles, respectively, which were significantly different from other treatments (P <0.05).
علوم زیستی دریا
Ali Sadough Niri; Ehsan Kamrani; Iman Sourinejad
Abstract
The present study was conducted to investigate length selectivity and determine optimal meshsize for fishery of Longtail Tuna (Thunnus tonggol) surface drift gillnets in northeast of Oman Sea and fishing grounds of Chabahar, Konarak and Ramin (Sistan and Baluchistan Province) from October 2016 to June ...
Read More
The present study was conducted to investigate length selectivity and determine optimal meshsize for fishery of Longtail Tuna (Thunnus tonggol) surface drift gillnets in northeast of Oman Sea and fishing grounds of Chabahar, Konarak and Ramin (Sistan and Baluchistan Province) from October 2016 to June 2017. Fishing gear was included Longtail Tuna surface drift gillnets with 100, 110, 130 and 165 mm stretched mesh size. During 45 stages of navigation with fiberglass boats and wooden vessel, 477 fish specimen were caught, which recorded length frequency data, total weight, and operculum and body girth. A total of 228 samples were Dissected and their ovarian maturation stages were determined to estimate the length of sexual maturity (Lm50). The minimum, maximum and mean (± standard deviation) fork length of the samples were 32, 90 and 55.1±13.35 cm, respectively. Operculum girth-fork length and maximum girth-length relationship were obtained as: Gop = 0.5379 FL+0.4955 and Gmax = 0.5879 FL+ 0.5095, respectively. Size at first maturity (Lm50) of Longtail Tuna was obtained 53.7 cm FL. Using Sechin selectivity method, optimal catch size of 100, 110, 130 and 165 mm gillnet mesh sizes were determined as: 35, 38, 46 and 57 cm, respectively. Using selection coefficient and Lm50, standard mesh size for fishing Longtail Tuna were determined 170 mm. Due to the fact that immature fish are not caught by a 165 mm mesh, this mesh may be suitable, and this confirms the calculation of the standard mesh size of this net by the Sachin method.
علوم زیستی دریا
Hamed Deilamy pour; Seyed Mohammad Mousavi; Mohammad Zakeri; Preeta Kochanian; Saeed Keyvanshokouh
Abstract
The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of selenium, magnesium nanoparticles and their composition on growth and digestive enzymes of Asian seabass with a mean weight of 32.78±1.16 g for 42 days. After adaptation to the experimental conditions, 96 fish were randomly distributed in ...
Read More
The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of selenium, magnesium nanoparticles and their composition on growth and digestive enzymes of Asian seabass with a mean weight of 32.78±1.16 g for 42 days. After adaptation to the experimental conditions, 96 fish were randomly distributed in 12 fiberglass cylinder 300-liter tanks in equal numbers. Four treatments including control treatment, 4mg / kg nanoselenium, 500mg / kg nanomagnasium and combination of 4mg/ kg nanoselenium with 500mg / kg nanomagnasium were investigated. The fish were fed daily in satiation and up to 3% of body weight in two time a day. Samples needed to measure growth indices and digestive enzymes were collected at the end of the period. The results showed that in the fish fed the combined treatment, the highest body weight gain was 131.33±26.58 and the specific growth rate was 2.08±0.28 and there was a significant difference between the control treatment (65.01±21.26 and 1.23±0.32, respectively) (P <0.05). The results of this study showed that digestive enzymes of alkaline phosphatase, lipase, trypsin and chymotrypsin were significantly different between experimental treatments (P <0.05), so that the highest activity of alkaline phosphatase in nanoselenium treatment (611.06±82.00U/mg protein), the highest amount of lipase (0.86±0.03 U/mg protein), trypsin (0.054 ± 0.001 U/mg protein), and chymotrypsin (0.214±0.004U/mg protein) was seen in nanomagnesium treatment (P <0.05), whereas the amylase enzyme showed no significant difference between the experimental treatments (P> 0.05). The results of this study showed that the addition of selenium and magnesium nanoparticles to the diet of Asian Sea bass had positive effects on growth performance and digestive enzymes and suggested that magnesium nanoparticle supplementation (500 mg/kg) could be used alone or in combination with selenium nanoparticles (4 mg/kg nano-selenium and 500 mg / kg nano-magnesium) in the diet of Asian Sea bass.
علوم زیستی دریا
Ashkan Banan; Mohammad Reza Kalbasi Masjidshahi; Mahmoud Bahmani; Mohammad Ali Yazdani Sadati
Abstract
The present study aimed to investigate effects of colored light and tank color on stress response of juvenile beluga, Huso huso, including the measurement of some sero-haematological parameters (Hemoglobin, hematocrit, cortisol, glucose, etc.) and carcass chemical analysis. The study was conducted at ...
Read More
The present study aimed to investigate effects of colored light and tank color on stress response of juvenile beluga, Huso huso, including the measurement of some sero-haematological parameters (Hemoglobin, hematocrit, cortisol, glucose, etc.) and carcass chemical analysis. The study was conducted at International Sturgeon Research Institute in Rasht, Gilan, using 64 specimens for colored light treatments with initial weight 98.83 ± 1.42 (mean ± SE) g which were reared (in groups of 8) under white, red, green and blue light and using 48 specimens for tank color treatments with initial weight 98.46 ± 1.17 (mean ± SE) g which were reared (in groups of 8) in white, black and blue tanks, all for 12 weeks. Based on the obtained results, cortisol levels in fish reared under red and green lights were significantly higher so much so that in addition to stress and light color effects, their interaction was also significant (P< 0.05). The results also depicted that cortisol levels in fish reared in black tank were significantly lower so much so that in addition to stress and tank color effects, their interaction was also significant (P< 0.05). However, in regard to the other parameters- hemoglobin, hematocrit and carcass chemical analysis- no significant differences were observed. Reviewing the obtained results demonstrates that blue light and black tank by establishing comfort in beluga juveniles have positive significant effects on physiological conditions and spell better stress response.
علوم زیستی دریا
Seyyed Yousef Paighambari; Reza Badali; Hadi Raeisi
Abstract
This study estimated the discarded catch of the Moshta gear and the length at maturity parameter (Lm50) of two species of discard aquatics Arius maculatus and Plicofollis dussumieri. Sampling carried out in the city of Bandar Abbas since December 2014 for one year. After specifying the maturity of samples ...
Read More
This study estimated the discarded catch of the Moshta gear and the length at maturity parameter (Lm50) of two species of discard aquatics Arius maculatus and Plicofollis dussumieri. Sampling carried out in the city of Bandar Abbas since December 2014 for one year. After specifying the maturity of samples by the Biswas (1993) method, to calculate the length at maturity the least-squares technique under the king (2007) method was performed in Data Analysis Solver of Excel 2013. Discard catch included 65.23% of the weight and 74.93% of the number while commercial catch included 34.77% of the weight and 25.07% of the number. According to the results, the length at maturity of Arius maculatus was 28.2 cm, 51.50% were below puberty. The length at maturity of Plicofollis dussumieri was 32 cm, 62.3% were below puberty. The results of this study showed that Moshta with a high diversity of trapped aquatics, while some of these aquatics are caught immature, was a threat to fisheries stocks in Hormozgan province and the Iranian waters of the Persian Gulf.
علوم زیستی دریا
Hamideh Zakariaei; Mohammad Sudagar; Seyedeh Sedighe Hoseini; Hamed Paknejad; Kartik Baruah
Abstract
This study aimed to investigate the effect of two species of Lactobacillus probiotics (Lactobacillus acidophilus and Lactobacillus bulgaricus) and button mushroom (Agaricus bisporus) extract singular and combined on digestive enzyme activities, body composition, survival, growth and microbial flora in ...
Read More
This study aimed to investigate the effect of two species of Lactobacillus probiotics (Lactobacillus acidophilus and Lactobacillus bulgaricus) and button mushroom (Agaricus bisporus) extract singular and combined on digestive enzyme activities, body composition, survival, growth and microbial flora in Zebrafish (Danio rerio). For this purpose, 7 experimental diets were evaluated in 3 replications. One-month-old aged zebrafish (D. rerio) (75.9±1 mg) were fed with experimental diets including: diet without probiotics and prebiotic as the control diet (diet 1), diet with 1% button mushroom extract as prebiotic (diet 2), diet with 107 CFU g-1 Lactobacillus acidophilus as probiotic (diet 3), diet with 107 CFU g-1 Lactobacillus bulgaricus as probiotic (diet 4), diet with 107 CFU g-1 Lactobacillus acidophilus in combination with 1% button mushroom extract as synbiotic1 (diet 5), diet with 107 CFU g-1 Lactobacillus bulgaricus in combination with 1% button mushroom extract as synbiotic2 (diet 6) and diet with 107 CFU g-1 Lactobacillus acidophilus, 107 CFU g-1 Lactobacillus bulgaricus and 1% button mushroom extract as synbiotic3 (diet 7) for 60 days. At the end of the experiment, Sampling was performed randomly to evaluate those mentioned factors. The results showed that the highest growth rate, specific growth rate and the lowest feed conversion ratio were observed in the synbiotic treatments, which were significantly different from the control group (P <0.05). However, there was no significant difference in the survival rate of all treatments with the control group (P <0.05). Also, the highest activity of digestive enzymes was observed in the group which fed with diet 7, which was significantly different from other treatments and control group (P <0.05). In addition, the highest amount of protein was observed in the treatment which fed with diet 7, which was significantly different from control group (P <0.05). However, this difference in fat, ash content and body moisture between control group and other treatments was not significant (P <0.05). The total number of intestinal microbial flora bacteria and lactic acid bacteria that was examined at the end of the period was significantly different from the control group in all treatments (P <0.05). But, there was no significant difference between all treatments with the control group 10 days after stopping feeding with the experimental diets (P <0.05). According to the results, feeding with synbiotics containing these probiotics in combination with button mushroom extract as a prebiotic had a positive effect on growth performance and digestive enzymes in Zebrafish (D.rerio), therefore, it can be recommended as a functional synbiotic in zebrafish (D. rerio) farming.
علوم زیستی دریا
Omid Motamedian; Ahmad Gharekhani; Amir Tukmechi
Abstract
This study aimed at evaluating the use of chitosan as a coat to improve the shelf life of perch fillet. For this purpose, low molecular weight chitosan was prepared and three different levels (0.5, 1, and 2 percentage) were used as a food coat in perch fillet. The samples were stored in refrigerator ...
Read More
This study aimed at evaluating the use of chitosan as a coat to improve the shelf life of perch fillet. For this purpose, low molecular weight chitosan was prepared and three different levels (0.5, 1, and 2 percentage) were used as a food coat in perch fillet. The samples were stored in refrigerator temperature(4 and 7 ºC) for 21 days. Bacterial analysis indicated that coating had significant effects (P<0.05) on reducing the mesophilic and psychrophilic counts with at least a 7-day extension of shelf life. The chitosan-coated products showed lower TBA and pH values than the uncoated samples for up to 21 days of storage at 4°C. The results indicated that the application of chitosan coating significantly improved (P<0.05) the sensory quality of samples. This study thus clearly indicated that the effects of chitosan coating on samples were to retain their good quality characteristics and extend the shelf life during refrigerated storage, which was supported by the results of microbiological, chemical, and sensorial properties.
علوم زیستی دریا
Mozhgan Toodooei; Shahla Roozbehani; Ali Noori; Somaye Azadbakht; Hadis Karimifar
Abstract
The safflower (Carthamus tinctorius) belongs to the Compositae family. This plant is widely used in food industries and medicine. The aim of this paper is studying the effect of Safflower extract on physiological sex determination and Masculinization in Guppy fish (Poecilia reticulata). 88 one-week-old ...
Read More
The safflower (Carthamus tinctorius) belongs to the Compositae family. This plant is widely used in food industries and medicine. The aim of this paper is studying the effect of Safflower extract on physiological sex determination and Masculinization in Guppy fish (Poecilia reticulata). 88 one-week-old Guppy fishes were divided into four groups (22 fishes in each group): A, B, C and control (without extract). The fishes were exposed to 50, 100 and 150 ppm concentrations of safflower extract for one month. After 3 months, gonads tissue sections of the fishes were prepared. Tissue changes were examined and compared with the control group that did not receive any extract. Results showed a significant difference in the number of primary spermatocytes in all groups; So the greatest increase of cells was in fishes that receiving concentrations of 100 and 150 ppm extract (p<0.05). The results also showed; with increasing concentration of safflower extract, the number of female follicles decreases significantly (p<0.05). Finally, the results of this study showed; safflower extract increases spermatogenesis and by creating tissue changes, it can induce the sex of guppy fish in the direction of masculinization.
علوم زیستی دریا
Mazdak Aalimahmoudi; Hamid Mohammadiazarm
Abstract
The aim of this study was to investigate the growth performance and body composition of common carp (Cyprinus carpio) in biofloc system. Firstly, 750 fingerling fishes with an average weight (17±0.05gr) were randomly divided into 30 polyethylene tanks with a volume of approximately 250 liters ...
Read More
The aim of this study was to investigate the growth performance and body composition of common carp (Cyprinus carpio) in biofloc system. Firstly, 750 fingerling fishes with an average weight (17±0.05gr) were randomly divided into 30 polyethylene tanks with a volume of approximately 250 liters of water (25fish/tank). The treatments consisted of 3 levels of carbon to nitrogen ratio including 15, 20 and 25 and 3 levels of dietary crud protein content of 25%, 30% and 35% with three replicates for each treatment was performed over a period of 56 days. The highest feed conversion ratio and also lowest percentage of weight gain and specific growth rate were observed in treatment with protein 35% and C/N25 compared with control group (P0.05). The lowest amount of crude lipid was obtained in control treatment that it was significantly different compared with some treatments (P