علوم زیستی دریا
Zohreh Ebrahimi; Giti Forghani Tehrani; Abd-al-Reza Kaboli
Abstract
The Ziarat River is one of the tributaries of the Qarah-su catchment, and a part of this river flows through Gorgan City. In order to investigate the environmental hydrogeochemistry of the river, 11 water samples were collected. Physicochemical parameters, the concentrations of major ions and metals, ...
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The Ziarat River is one of the tributaries of the Qarah-su catchment, and a part of this river flows through Gorgan City. In order to investigate the environmental hydrogeochemistry of the river, 11 water samples were collected. Physicochemical parameters, the concentrations of major ions and metals, as well as the biological parameters were analyzed. The obtained results show that pH and EC of the water samples vary from 7.2 to 7.9, and from 701 to 1422 μS/cm, respectively. The highest pH and EC values were observed near the discharging point of cowshed effluents and the Ziarat hot spring, respectively. On the basis of hydrogeochemical studies, the chemical composition of water samples is mainly controlled by the dissolution process. The water type changed from Ca-SO4 in upstream to Na-Cl in downstream, probably because of natural and anthropogenic factors. Regarding the major ion concentrations, all water samples are in the acceptable range for drinking usage. Based on the Wilcox diagram, and regarding the calculated residual sodium carbonate and sodium percentage values, the studied water samples are suitable for drinking and agricultural purposes; however, regarding the values of magnesium hazard index, most of the samples are not suitable for agricultural usage. Metal pollution indices show that studied samples are highly polluted, especially those samples which were collected at the wastewater discharging points. The values of dissolved oxygen in all samples are in the permissible limits. However, in some stations, BOD and COD levels are higher than permissible values, and the highest amount of these parameters is observed near the discharging point of cowshed and agricultural effluents. All water samples are microbially polluted, and the lowest microbial pollution is observed in upstream stations. The values of Water Quality Indices indicate that all studied samples are classified as low and very low quality.
علوم زیستی دریا
Rezvan Khavari; Fatemeh Mosavi
Abstract
Abkharvar Behbahan channel is 7 km long in Behbahan Plain located in arid and semi-arid area and it is limited in terms of water resources, therefore it is very important to preserve the quality of water resources and prevent them from being polluted. In order to investigate the pollution level of Abkharvar ...
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Abkharvar Behbahan channel is 7 km long in Behbahan Plain located in arid and semi-arid area and it is limited in terms of water resources, therefore it is very important to preserve the quality of water resources and prevent them from being polluted. In order to investigate the pollution level of Abkharvar Cannel, sampling operations were carried out from 6 locations in the studied area. Water samples to determine the concentration of heavy elements As, Fe, Pb, Se, Zn, Mn, Cr, anions Cl-, SO42-, NO3-, CO3-, HCO3-, and cations Ca2+, Na+, Mg2+, K+, and important water quality parameters including Ph, EC and TDS were analyzed by ICP-OES, FAES, OAS, titration, drying and conductivity methods. The pH levels in all samples are within the WHO standard and the standard of wastewater discharged to surface water and agricultural uses. The concentration of SO42- anion and Mg2+, Na+, Ca2+ cations and important water quality factors including EC, TDS in the sample taken from the Maroon River (S6) is higher than the WHO drinking water limit. Geochemical data show that the water chemistry in the region is strongly influenced by factors such as the entry of industrial and human wastewater into this chanel, as well as the dissolution of carbonate rocks and evaporative sediments containing gypsum, calcite, and halite minerals along the Abkharvar Behbahan channel.
علوم زیستی دریا
Behzad Dehwari; Arash Shakuri; Amir Vazirizadeh
Abstract
Biodiversity and population changes of waterfowl and waterside birds are considered as one of the indicators of evaluating the desirability of coastal habitats. In this research, the biodiversity of Waterfowl and waterside birds in the coastal habitats of Chabahar has been investigated and evaluated ...
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Biodiversity and population changes of waterfowl and waterside birds are considered as one of the indicators of evaluating the desirability of coastal habitats. In this research, the biodiversity of Waterfowl and waterside birds in the coastal habitats of Chabahar has been investigated and evaluated in a four-year period. In the four-year census in five coastal habitats of Chabahar, which was carried out by the total counting method, 43,946 birds belonging to 6 orders, 13 families and 46 species of Waterfowl and waterside wintering birds were observed and identified Waterfowl species with 82.62% and waterside species with 17.38% of all birds were included. The Laridae family was counted with 53.18% of the most birds. And the Charadriidae family (Plovers) with 20 species had the highest species diversity among Waterfowl and waterside wintering birds. The study of bidiversity indices showed that the highest species diversity index of Shannon Weiner belonging to Govater habitat in 2018 ( ) and the lowest related to the Pasabandar habitat in 2016 ( 1/68). The highest species richness index of Margalef related to Govater habitat in 2017 the (R=5/25) and the lowest value related to the Pasabandar habitat in 2016 (R=2.43). The highest value of Pielou's evenness index related to the Govater habitats was J=0.77 in 2016 and the lowest value was J=0.56 for the Pasabandar habitat in 2018. The highest value of Simpson's dominance index related to Govater habitat (D = 0.93) in 2017 and the lowest value related to Govater habitat (D = 0.08) in 2016. The highest value of Berger-Parker index number related to Pasabandar habitat (d=0.45) in 2017 and the lowest value related to Govater habitat (d=0.17) in 2018. The highest value of Buzas-Gibson's evenness index related to the Ramin habitat ( =0.24) in 1998 And the lowest value related to the Pasabandar habitat ( in 1997. The results of biodiversity indicators show that Govater and Tis habitats have more favorable conditions for aquatic and aquatic migratory birds than other habitats (p>0.05).
علوم زیستی دریا
Amin Mohammad Hosseini; Sedigheh Battaleb-Looie; Hakimeh Amanipoor
Abstract
The current situation of freshwater pollution is worrying, Due to the limited fresh water resources and the increase in population and the expansion of cities and the development of industry and agriculture around the rivers, it is necessary to use the available resources correctly. Heavy metals are ...
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The current situation of freshwater pollution is worrying, Due to the limited fresh water resources and the increase in population and the expansion of cities and the development of industry and agriculture around the rivers, it is necessary to use the available resources correctly. Heavy metals are one of the non-degradable and important pollutants that exist in water, sediments and living organisms. These elements are present both in natural sources, weathering of mineral rocks and seepage from the soil, and anthropogenic sources stemming from human activities. In this study, 45 water samples of the Karun River from 5 different stations were analyzed by an Atomic Absorption Spectrometer device (AAS) for lead, mercury and cadmium content. The results show that the highest amount of pollution is related to station number 1 and the lowest amount of heavy metal pollution is related to station number 5. Pollution decreases from station number 5 to station 5. According to the results of the indices: metal index (MI), heavy metal pollution index (HPI) and degree of pollution (Cdeg), the water of the Karun river in the study area is polluted with heavy metals, some samples have moderate pollution and some They have a high degree of pollution and are undrinkable. Statistical analysis also shows that the pollution of the Karun River is not from a single source and it is possible to look for the lithology of the area (natural factor) which should be traced to the formations upstream of the dam, as well as human activities in the area (human activities). Named as the main factors of pollution.
علوم زیستی دریا
Marzieh Afrakhte; Hossein Mohammad Asgari; Heiva Elmizade; Oliagholi khalilipour; Seyed Hossein Khazaei
Abstract
the important causes of drying up of wetlands in recent years in Iran are the continuation of drought, improper water management, land use change, and pressures caused by water shortage in the downstream areas of rivers. With the drying of the wetland, in addition to the reduction of local biological, ...
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the important causes of drying up of wetlands in recent years in Iran are the continuation of drought, improper water management, land use change, and pressures caused by water shortage in the downstream areas of rivers. With the drying of the wetland, in addition to the reduction of local biological, social and economic services of the wetland, another big environmental problem is created, and that is the becoming wetland to dust source. This change causes many environmental, social and economic damages. The purpose of this research is to investigate the changes in the area of Horalazim wetland between 2000 and 2023. To achieve this goal, the Google Earth Engine {GEE} platform was used, and by using MODIS satellite images and calculating the NDWI index, the wetland area was calculated in each image. In order to check the condition of the wetland in detail, the annual minimum, maximum and average time series of the wetland area were extracted and the anomaly of area in three states of minimum, maximum and average were calculated. The results showed that the driest year is the year 2000 with less than 0.25 of the wetland area, and the largest area is in 2019 with about 3 times the average area. The analysis of the maximum and minimum limit series along with the corresponding images determines the areas affected by drought and flood, and it is possible to implement appropriate management programs in these areas during periods of drought and flood. It should be noted that by increasing the area of the wetland, the Horalazim dust center, which is one of the most active dust centers, is controlled.
علوم زیستی دریا
Afshin Sotoudehpour; Aghil Madadi; Sayyad Asghari
Abstract
Abstract
Remote sensing data has played an important role in natural resource management studies in recent years. These data, especially in water resources studies and research, have many uses. Among water-related studies, the use of water indexes in recent years has been widely considered. ...
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Abstract
Remote sensing data has played an important role in natural resource management studies in recent years. These data, especially in water resources studies and research, have many uses. Among water-related studies, the use of water indexes in recent years has been widely considered. These indexes have grown and developed with the advancement and production of satellite images and their precision increased dramatically. In this research, Landsat 8 and Sentinel A2 satellite images were used on the coast of Bushehr on the Persian Gulf. 8 water indexes were selected and executed on images. Despite the fact to exist two classes of water and land unsupervised classification were applied to images Finally, the overall accuracy and kappa coefficient values range from 77.0% to 99.6% and 0.55 to 0.99 respectively. For Landsat images, the Modified Normalized Difference Water Index (MNDWI) and the Normalized Difference Pond Index (NDPI) were the best indexes. Water Ratio Index (WRI) and Normalized Difference Turbidity Index (NDTI) were recognized as the worst index. For Sentinel 2A images, the Modified Normalized Difference Water Index (MNDWI) and the Normalized Water Difference Index (NDWI), respectively, were the best. and the Automatic Water Extraction Index (AWEI_NSH) had the worst result. In general, the performance of the water indexes, and the accuracy level of the sentinel 2A images was significantly higher than the Landsat 8 images This factor can be due to the higher spatial resolution of Sentinel images. For both Landsat 8 and Sentinel A2 images the Modified Normalized Difference Water Index (MNDWI) has the best results.
Keywords: Sentinel 2A, landsat8, NDWI Index, MNDWI Index, NDPI Index
INTRODUCTION
More than 70% of the earth's surface is covered by water, then the use of remote sensing data to extract information from oceans, seas, and closed waters is very important (Alavipanah, 2004). Remote sensing data with different spatial, spectral, and temporal resolutions have provided a valuable resource for evaluating the water level and its changes in recent decades (Jawak et al., 2015). Extracting water from satellite images is more than two decades old. The use of satellite images for a general overview of phenomena and terrestrial resources recording the characteristics of phenomena by sensors and finally analyzing them in this field can help us a lot (Zarghami, 2011). activities such as checking water quality including salinity studies, checking suspended substances and sediments, checking watercolor, and chlorophyll level, and also quantitative studies of water sources are among the actions that can be done using remote sensing (Hashemi et al., 2018). Using such a technique to better control and manage the environment in advanced countries is considered a strategic technology (Mobasheri, 2014).
MATERIALS AND METHODS
The studied area is a 130-kilometer stretch from Bushehr Beach in Bushehr province. The area of the study area is about 182,650 hectares, which is located at 50° 45ʹ to 51° 6ʹ E, 28° 42ʹ to 29° 10ʹ N. The Landsat 8 satellite image of March 15, 2018, and July 17, 2001, as well as the SentinelA2 image of March 26, 2018, were used. Both images were taken with a short time interval. Landsat 8 images had a spatial resolution of 30 meters. In the Sentinel images, bands with a resolution of 10 meters were used, and for the use of other bands, the bands were unified using the Fusion operation. In this research, the 1:50000 topographic map of the Geographical Organization of the Armed Forces was also used. Also, soil maps from the Jihad Agriculture and Geology Organization with a scale of 1: 100,000 were obtained from the Mapping Organization and used. 8 indices were used: Normalized Difference Water Index (NDWI), Modified Normalized Difference Water Index (MNDWI), Normalized Difference pond index (NDPI), Normalized Difference Turbidity index (NDTI), Water Ratio Index (WRI), Normalized Difference Water Index (NDWI_A)), AWEI, AWEI_SH. To determine the correctness of the classified map, the control points prepared from the Google Heritage images were used along with 35 points taken using GPS. The Kappa coefficient was evaluated
RESULTS
By applying blue indices on both Landsat 8 and Sentinel A2 images, the blue areas were separated from the dry environment. In Landsat 8 images, the MNDWI index with an overall accuracy of 98% and a kappa coefficient of 0.97 had the best results, and the WRI index with an overall accuracy of 78% and a kappa coefficient of 0.55 presented the worst results. In Sentinel A2 images, the MNDWI index with an overall accuracy of 99% and a kappa coefficient of 0.99 had the best result, and the AWEI_NSH index with an accuracy of 77% and a kappa coefficient of 0.55 presented the worst result. For Landsat images, among the implemented indices, the modified normalized water difference index (MNDWI) and the normalized lake, wetland index (NDPI) were the best indices. Water ratio indices (WRI) and normalized turbidity difference index (NDTI) were recognized as the worst indices. For Sentinel A2 images, the modified normalized water difference index (MNDWI) and normalized water difference index (NDWI) had the best results, and the automatic water extraction index (AWEI_NSH) had the worst results. In general, in the implementation of blue indices, the level of accuracy and precision in the Cetinel A2 images was significantly higher than that of the Landsat 8 images.
CONCLUSION
In the present study, in general, the accuracy and precision of Sentinel A2 images were better than Landsat 8 in most of the indicators, and the higher spatial resolution of Sentinel images can be a reason for presenting better results. For both images, the modified normalized water difference index (MNDWI) was recognized as the best index that could distinguish water phenomena from other phenomena well; Although in the mentioned index, different results can be presented due to the combination of different bands. In both Landsat 8 and Sentinel A2 images, the automatic water extraction index (AWEI_NSH) presented the worst result in this index due to the high reflection of phenomena such as rocks, sand, the presence of shadows, and clouds with negative effects on the mentioned index. It is confused with water phenomena. On the other hand, this index showed that they provide poor results for revealing shallow waters (such as estuaries). In general, it can be said that the overall accuracy obtained in most of the applied indices shows reliable values, which is proof of the optimal choice of thresholds in these indices. Finally, the monitoring of the beaches of Bushehr from 2001 to 2018 shows that the beaches of Bushehr have undergone many changes during this period, and these changes were in the form of a regression of the coastline. The imbalance between the processes of erosion and sedimentation on this coast has caused the channel and estuary of most estuaries to shift and change in width.
References
Alavipanah, S.K., 2004. Application of remote sensing in the earth sciences (soil). University of Tehran Press. Tehran, Iran. (In Persian)
Hashemi, S.N., Akbarinasab, M. and Safarrad, T., 2018. The Detection of the Plume of the Arvand River Using Satellite Images. Hydrogeomorphology, 4(13), pp.147-164.
Jawak, S.D., Kulkarni, K. and Luis, A.J., 2015. A review on extraction of lakes from remotely sensed optical satellite data with a special focus on cryospheric lakes. Advances in Remote Sensing, 4(3), pp.196-213. DOI: 10.4236/ars.2015.43016
Mobasheri, M., 2014. Principles of physics in remote sensing and satellate technology. Khaje nasir university of technology publishers. Tehran, Iran. (In Persian).
Zarghami, M., 2011. Effective watershed management; case study of Urmia Lake, Iran. Lake and Reservoir Management, 27(1), pp.87-94. https://doi.org/10.1080/07438141.2010.541327.
علوم زیستی دریا
Mona Izadian; Farhad Hosseini Tayefeh; Behzad Rayegani
Abstract
Coastal-marine wetlands consisting of mangrove forests, sandy beaches, and mudflats are among the sensitive and important habitats of the southern coasts of Iran, which play an important role in the economy and livelihood of local communities. The International Mangrove Wetland of Shur, Shirin, and Minab ...
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Coastal-marine wetlands consisting of mangrove forests, sandy beaches, and mudflats are among the sensitive and important habitats of the southern coasts of Iran, which play an important role in the economy and livelihood of local communities. The International Mangrove Wetland of Shur, Shirin, and Minab Rivers is one of the important coastal wetlands of Iran, and due to facing many threats, it needs new and effective protection planning. This research has been conducted to investigate the significant changes in the levels of mangrove forests as an indicator species of the wetland, identify and prioritize the factors that threaten the biodiversity of the wetland, and provide Participatory management solutions. The calculation of mangrove level changes was done based on the time series analysis method of OLI (Operational Land Imager) sensor data from Landsat 8. The planning and implementation of participatory protection in this research included reviewing the current situation, identifying stakeholders, and holding participatory meetings to identify and prioritize threats and formulate an action plan for cooperative wetland protection. The results showed that from 2015 to 2022, mangrove forests have been destroyed in some areas by 30.78 hectares. According to the survey of the participants and stakeholder’s beneficiaries, two threats of pollution caused by the dumping of smuggled fuel and illegal fishing activities have the highest priority among the total of 15 threats identified in the wetland. In this research, for the ten important threats prioritized by the opinion of the participants, an action plan to reduce the effects of threats, including the mechanism of the threat effect, the effect on the indicator species, the economic and social effects, and the priority plan to reduce the effects of each threat has been developed. The results of this research are used in raising awareness and preparing educational content for community-based conservation programs with the participation of stakeholders, including the implementation of participatory wetland conservation and restoration projects.
علوم زیستی دریا
Maryam Yaghoubzadeh; Abdolrassoul Salmanmahiny; Ali Reza Mikaeili Tabrizi; Afshin Danehkar
Abstract
In recent years, mangrove ecosystems have been threatened by effects of global climate change, in addition to human destructions. One of the most important impacts caused by climate change on mangroves, is the global sea- level rise and consequently, inundation of parts of coastal zone. Rising sea- level ...
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In recent years, mangrove ecosystems have been threatened by effects of global climate change, in addition to human destructions. One of the most important impacts caused by climate change on mangroves, is the global sea- level rise and consequently, inundation of parts of coastal zone. Rising sea- level causes mangrove retreat in many areas. However, in some regions, human settlements and coastal structures and facilities, act as limiting factors. In this study, using the two scenarios of the lowest and highest mean sea level rise over the period of 2046-2065, according to IPCC report and the results of internal studies, inundation zones caused by sea level rise in the two protected areas of Harra in Bandar Khamir and Harra Tiab and Minab was determined. Results demonstrated that if the sea level rises, the lowest and highest levels of inundation, will be 1000 and 2000 hectares respectively in Harra protected area, and about 3500 and 7000 hectares, respectively in the protected area of Tiab and Minab. Results of land cover and land use showed that, most of the hinterland, is related to poor rangeland cover and empty lands and according to regional and global predictions in sea- level rise, there is currently no barrier for mangrove migration into hinterland, but in next few years and in the future plans, land use changes need to be addressed to make more appropriate management decisions to protect these valuable ecosystems.
علوم زیستی دریا
Maryam Safy; Naser Moharamnejad; Afshin Danehkar; Seyed Ali Jozi
Abstract
Coastal areas due to geographic location, biodiversity and dependent ecosystems are sensitive and delicate areas. In this study, the sensitivity of the coastal ecosystems of the South Pars region has been determined, and the results have been evaluated by using Expert ...
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Coastal areas due to geographic location, biodiversity and dependent ecosystems are sensitive and delicate areas. In this study, the sensitivity of the coastal ecosystems of the South Pars region has been determined, and the results have been evaluated by using Expert Choice software. Since, the south Pars region is constantly exposed to the drilling and extraction of the oil and gas wells, the Jack-up drilling platform is identified as one of the pollutant factors in the region and its effects as a pollutant factor on the Different ecosystems have been analyzed. In order to assess risk through the basic definitions of risk assessment, as well as application of mathematical techniques, the probability, the severity of consequences, and the importance of habitat have been identified and calculated. In this study Fuzzy concepts are used for quantifying the qualitative parameters. In order to validate the results, the calculated mathematical model was compared with the actual values. The results of environmental events over a period of four years indicated the importance of considering environmental risks in drilling operation by jack-up, which is needed for management and protection of sensitive ecosystems in the region.
علوم زیستی دریا
Azita Koushafar; Ahmad Savary; Nasrin sakhaii; Bita Archangy; Fatemeh Karimi
Abstract
The study in 1393 to determine the heavy metals mercury , cadmium , lead , cobalt and vanadium in the muscles of two species Liza abu (Liza abu) and yellow fin seabream (Acanthopagrus latus) Bahmanshir River was conducted in summer and winter . Amounts of heavy metals by atomic absorption spectrophotometry ...
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The study in 1393 to determine the heavy metals mercury , cadmium , lead , cobalt and vanadium in the muscles of two species Liza abu (Liza abu) and yellow fin seabream (Acanthopagrus latus) Bahmanshir River was conducted in summer and winter . Amounts of heavy metals by atomic absorption spectrophotometry Perkin Elmer 4100 took place with the help of devices.Analysis of the data was analyzed with the help of software SPSS17 help of means and analysis of variance (ANOVA One-way) were compared with each other . The results showed that the highest levels of mercury , cadmium and cobalt in Yellowfin Seabream in the summerThe highest level of lead in Liza abu in summer and in winter the highest concentration of vanadium in Yellowfin Seabream , respectively. The lowest mercury, lead and cobalt were measured in Liza abu in winter . Also the lowest amount of cadmium and vanadium in Liza abu in summer. The mercury and vanadium in muscle Liza abu and yellow fin seabream was lower compared to the threshold of global standards ,But the amount of lead and cadmium were higher than the standard limit . In general, the amount of mercury, lead, cobalt and cadmium in both species was in summer than winter , but the concentration of vanadium in winter than summer .
علوم زیستی دریا
Maryam GhasemiTirtash; Ahamd Savari; bita archangi; Nasrin Sakhaei; Neda Mehdipour
Abstract
Monitoring of benthic communities is important factor in ecosystem health studies. The Caspian Sea is considered as an independent zoogeographical region due to its diversity, specificity and endemism of its fauna. For studying frequency and distribution patterns of macrobenthic community, 5 transects ...
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Monitoring of benthic communities is important factor in ecosystem health studies. The Caspian Sea is considered as an independent zoogeographical region due to its diversity, specificity and endemism of its fauna. For studying frequency and distribution patterns of macrobenthic community, 5 transects along the Southern Coasts of Caspian Sea from Astara to Chaboksar were sampled. In each transect 3 stations with the depth of 1,5 and 10 meters were selected in perpendicular line to the beach .Physical parameters such as Temperature, Salinity, Dissolved Oxygen and pH were measured in addition to sediment grain size. Sampling has done twice a year (winter 2014 and summer 2015).Totally 38 macro benthos species were identified. Gastropods of Hydrobiidae family and polychaet Streblospio gynobranchiata were the dominant group with the contribution of 80% of total macrobenthos population. Average number of total benthos was 2250 individual/m2 in winter and 2630 individual/m2 in summer. Non-parametric statistical tests showed significant difference between number and frequency of species in different depths (p
علوم زیستی دریا
Davood Mafi-Gholami; Akram Nouri Kamari
Abstract
Generally, determination of degree of coastal area environmental sensitivity is a prerequisite for assessing vulnerability of sensitive ecosystems in these areas, especially mangroves, and plays an important role in the efficiency and success of their recovery and sustainable management programs. Therefore, ...
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Generally, determination of degree of coastal area environmental sensitivity is a prerequisite for assessing vulnerability of sensitive ecosystems in these areas, especially mangroves, and plays an important role in the efficiency and success of their recovery and sustainable management programs. Therefore, the aim of this study was also to determine the degree and prioritization of environmental sensitivity of mangroves of Hormozgan province. To this end, using set of criteria developed by the Marine Environment Bureau and review of studies on sensitivity of mangroves, a list of the most important criteria and sub-criteria for the sensitivity of these ecosystems was provided and the relative weight of the criteria was calculated by analyzing the opinions of experts through the implementation of the FAHP method. The results showed that according to expert's opinion, among the nine criteria for determining the degree of sensitivity of mangroves, vegetation cover and recreational significance criteria obtained the highest and lowest relative weight among the considered criteria, respectively (with relative weights equal to 0.23 and 0.03, respectively). The results also showed that the vegetation cover, wildlife and food network criteria with relative weights of 0.23, 0.17 and 0.13, were the most important sensitivity criteria of mangroves in the final rankings. The results of this study by prioritizing the environmental sensitivity criteria of mangroves of Hormozgan province, provides essential information for assessing the vulnerability of these habitats.
علوم زیستی دریا
Masoome Ebadi; Olyagholi Khalilipour; Ali Dadollahi sohrab; hossein mohammad asgari; Syyed hossein Khazaei
Abstract
Construction project of ports, jetties and other marine structures have more negative environmental effects than other projects. In this study, we investigated Environmental Impact assessment for the construction and exploitation of Yard-Valiasr Jetty in Khorramshahr Port using corrected Leopold and ...
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Construction project of ports, jetties and other marine structures have more negative environmental effects than other projects. In this study, we investigated Environmental Impact assessment for the construction and exploitation of Yard-Valiasr Jetty in Khorramshahr Port using corrected Leopold and RIAM Matrices. Corrected Leopold Matrix results showed that none of the calculated effects and consequences are not at the threshold of the -3.1 degree. The RIAM Result also revealed that negative effects change more between neglected negative effects to moderate negative effects, but for exploitation phases, Water Ecosystem tolerates noticeable negative effects that confirmed corrected Leopold Matrix results. So base on two Matrices result and based on developmental impact of project on industry and transportation and also its compatibility with land use of area, the project could be run by incorporating mitigation plans and monitoring measures.
علوم زیستی دریا
Seyyed Kiarash Jafari; Ahmad Savari; Faedeh Amini; Hosseim Mohammad Asgari
Abstract
The international Shadegan wetland is one the biggest ponds in Iran and located in Khouzestan province.This wetland is with more than 530 thousand hectares vast wetland registered in the international Ramsar Convention.Climate changes can make negative or passitive conditions by drought or wet periods ...
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The international Shadegan wetland is one the biggest ponds in Iran and located in Khouzestan province.This wetland is with more than 530 thousand hectares vast wetland registered in the international Ramsar Convention.Climate changes can make negative or passitive conditions by drought or wet periods on water quality and volume of this wetland.Today, concerns about the warming of the earth and damage to vital natural resources, have led researchers to study different periods of drought. Drought is a phenomenon adverse impact on all ecosystems, including wetlands. Because of it, new drought indices should be associated with specific time scales for monitoring and management of water resources. In the study area, data required by the Metrological Agency, water and power authority and by ocean-atmospheric data from NOAA satellites from 1950 to 2015 (65 years old) received. Changes in wetland on the downside and upside of drought and wet were studied by standardized precipitation evapotranspiration index (SPEI). The final model showed decaying and destroying the wetland each year goes by drought from year of 1998.
علوم زیستی دریا
alireza safahieh; yaqub jaddi; abdol ali movahedinia; ali hallajian; sohrab dajandian
Abstract
The actue toxicity test was performed instatic renewal system based on the standared method Proposed by OECD during 96 h, in which physicochemical parameters of test water including pH, dissolved oxygen and Temprature were daily monitored. to determine the lethal range of diazinon of fish a range finding ...
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The actue toxicity test was performed instatic renewal system based on the standared method Proposed by OECD during 96 h, in which physicochemical parameters of test water including pH, dissolved oxygen and Temprature were daily monitored. to determine the lethal range of diazinon of fish a range finding test was carried out in aquariums coutaing 10 L of test solution. The acute toxicity test was then preformed in 5 treatment in triplicats. The obtained data were analyzed using probit analysis with %5 confidence limit. acording to the results, 24 h LC50, 48 h LC50, 72 h LC50 and 96 h LC50 of diazinon on common seabream was 10/974, 10/391, 9/134 and 7/316 respectively. The Maxium Acceptable Toxicant Concentration (MATC) of diazinon on common seabream was 0/073 mg/l and the Lowest observed effect concentration wich is equal to 96 h LC50 was 2.63 mg/l. The results indicated that compared to other fishes is more resistant against diazinon . in addition diazinon lethal toxicity takes place in a waide range of toxicant concentration.
علوم زیستی دریا
Saeid Farhadi; Hossein Mohammad Asgari; Ali Dadolahi Sohrab; Seyed Mohammad Jafar Nazemosadat; Sayyed Hossein Khazaei
Abstract
Dust prediction such as prediction of wind and rain needs to synoptic information to the earth's surface, upper layers of the atmosphere, the prediction maps of land surface and upper levels as well as using radar and satellites. The purpose of this study, use of remote sensing technology and MODIS images ...
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Dust prediction such as prediction of wind and rain needs to synoptic information to the earth's surface, upper layers of the atmosphere, the prediction maps of land surface and upper levels as well as using radar and satellites. The purpose of this study, use of remote sensing technology and MODIS images to estimate dust optical depth on the Persian Gulf surface and estimating the linear correlation relationship between the dust measurements in ground and atmospheric. The dust optical depth calculated using the code developed in MATLAB software. Evaluation of extracted data conducted using Pearson correlation coefficient, RMSE and RMSD index. In this study, optical depth obtained from image processing compared with the optical depths obtained from AERONET network. The evaluation results showed a high and significant correlation between the obtained optical depth and optical depths obtained from AERONET network (R2=0.99). The best and most suitable mode demonstrated for 1.243 and 1.643 bonds. At all stations, AOD value obtained from satellite image is bigger than AOD amount corresponding to the AERONET station and the algorithm used has overestimated. The cause of this more estimate can be use of limited particle's effective radius, because the scope of this effective radius is limited at the distribution of particle size in log-normal. Error resources at the retrieving particulate matter was defined such as sensor calibration error, pollution on the radiation angle, or poor predictor of water reflection.
علوم زیستی دریا
Emad Koochaknejad; Ahamd Savari; Alireza Safahieh; Gholamreza Eskandari
Abstract
In this study age, growth and maturity of Hilsa shad in Khuzestan province were analyzed. 394 number of fishes from marine habitat (Life-Boseif), estuaries (Bahmanshir and Arvand) and rivers (Bahmanshir and Karoon) from February 2014 to September 2014 were collected using commercial fishing with gill ...
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In this study age, growth and maturity of Hilsa shad in Khuzestan province were analyzed. 394 number of fishes from marine habitat (Life-Boseif), estuaries (Bahmanshir and Arvand) and rivers (Bahmanshir and Karoon) from February 2014 to September 2014 were collected using commercial fishing with gill net. Total length and wet weight of each fish were measured with precision of 1 cm and 1 gram. Sagittal otoliths were extracted for age determination of the fish. Then abdominal cavity of each sample were opened for determining sex and maturity stage. Growth parameters were calculated using von Bertalanffy growth function (L∞=58.365, K=0.26, t0=-0.16). Phi-prime constant was obtained 2.95. Length and age at first maturity were obtained 27.32cm and 2.4 g respectively using logistic model to fit a and b parameters with observed data in spawning season.
علوم زیستی دریا
akram Bemanikharanagh; Alireza Riyahi Bakhtiari; Jahangard Mohammadi; R Taghizadeh Mehrjardi
Abstract
Shadegan wetland as largest wetland in Iran constantly exposed to hydrocarbons entering through the main entrance of the lagoon, including Jarahi river, outbursts of seasonal rivers from upstream, Persian Gulf tides from downstream, atmospheric deposition and possible leaks from oil pipelines. Considering ...
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Shadegan wetland as largest wetland in Iran constantly exposed to hydrocarbons entering through the main entrance of the lagoon, including Jarahi river, outbursts of seasonal rivers from upstream, Persian Gulf tides from downstream, atmospheric deposition and possible leaks from oil pipelines. Considering importance and extent of wetland and multiple sources of hydrocarbons, the aim of present study is to identify source and mapping of spatial distribution of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon (PAH) and n-alkanes using Geostatistics techniques. Sediment samples collected in at 202 stations at the top 5 cm of the sediment according to a systematic-random sampling design to cover whole wetland. The concentrations and compositions of hydrocarbons were analyzed by GC–MS. The spatial distribution of PAH for concentration and source mapped using total PAHand MP/P (Methylphenanthrene/Phenanthrene) index, respectively. Map of spatial distribution on concentration and Source of n-alkanes made based on total n-alkanes and CPI index, respectively. The ordinary kriging method applied for Spatial variability and interpolation of data in geostatistical study using GS+ and Arc GIS. Firstly normality of data was determined by using Kolmogorov – Smirnov test and after semi-variogram calculation, Spherical, Exponential and Gaussian models were fitted to each of heavy metals. RMSE parameter of Cross-Validation was used for model validity. The results of mapping analysis indicated that Shadegan wetland were strongly contaminated by petrogenic hydrocarbon source and 90% of the study area is subjected to chronic pollution of oil contaminants.
علوم زیستی دریا
maryam razmi; hosein Mohammad Asgari; ali Dadolahi-Sohrab; seyyed mohammad jafar Nazemossadat; seyyed hosein kh
Abstract
Coastal environments are considered the most sensitive system environments. In terms of environmental Coastal areas because of the sensitive and productive ecosystems have high importance and value. Having knowledge of the coastline’s behavior can help of the coastal better management. The aim ...
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Coastal environments are considered the most sensitive system environments. In terms of environmental Coastal areas because of the sensitive and productive ecosystems have high importance and value. Having knowledge of the coastline’s behavior can help of the coastal better management. The aim of this study is to assessing the application of the OIF utility index factor in the assessment of coastline changes in Dayyer city, Using Landsat satellite images sensor TM and OLI 1991 and 2014 and the software are 2013®MATLAB and ArcGis 9.3. For the separation of land and water, OIF index value for all different band combinations in the application MATLAB® 2013 was calculated and then high-pass Sobel filter with 3 × 3 masks was applied to the images. Then digitization process during different periods in application environments ArcGis 9.3 was done manually and with high precision. The results of the survey the coastline from 1991 to 2014 show moving the coastline to the sea side (sedimentation) and landward (erosion), Which totals 33/784 square kilometers sedimentation and 9/132 square kilometers erosion shows from 1991 to 2014, in Dayyer city occurred because of the construction of piers, installations manmade and natural factors.
علوم زیستی دریا
Nasrin Abdolkhanian; Heeva Elmizadeh; Ali Dadolahi Sohrab; Ahmad Savari; Mohammad FayazMohammadi
Abstract
Water resources under threat of pollution such as industrial waste, fertilizers, pesticides and urban sewage that negative effects on the environment and ecosystems. Arvand Rood is one of the most important navigable rivers in Iran, and it’s the most traffic place for floating which don’t ...
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Water resources under threat of pollution such as industrial waste, fertilizers, pesticides and urban sewage that negative effects on the environment and ecosystems. Arvand Rood is one of the most important navigable rivers in Iran, and it’s the most traffic place for floating which don’t have any system for delivery waste materials and discharging these waste materials in water making oil pollution. In this research, modeling pollution in the Arvand River using three-dimensional and hydrodynamic model to simulate how the pollution is studied, the Navier-Stokes equations in three dimensions and equations are solved transfer salinity and water temperature separation method. Boundary conditions applied, including changes in temperature, salinity and flow rate, temperature and salinity changes and apply for open border river and tidal components O1، S2، M2 and K1 open sea in the model used for the border. The results of modeling pollution in Arvand After running the model revealed that the pollution is pollution in the Arvand River according to location and time of release, In other words, in the Arvand River pollution from one point to another and from season to season is different, in fact, pollution is reciprocating mode. Diffusion of oil pollution in Arvand rood is depending to current. And in low tide because of same side of river current with low tide pollution reached to the Persion Gulf with high speed. The results shows, represent the effect of tie on diffusion pollution.
علوم زیستی دریا
Mohsen Mohammadi Galangash; Abdolali Movahedinia; Zahra Bozorgpanah Kharat
Abstract
The microbial pollutions and nutrient matters of the southern part of Caspian Sea is to be under close scrutiny as it is vital to tourist health and environmental conservation.In this research, some physico-chemical factors, nutrient matters, oxygen demand parameters and microbial indices were investigated. ...
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The microbial pollutions and nutrient matters of the southern part of Caspian Sea is to be under close scrutiny as it is vital to tourist health and environmental conservation.In this research, some physico-chemical factors, nutrient matters, oxygen demand parameters and microbial indices were investigated. Sampling from nine sites along Astara to Chaboksar coastline were conducted with five replicates. The mean of temperature, Salinity, pH, phosphate, nitrate, FC, TC, BOD5 and COD were respectively obtained as 22.48°C, 8.5ppt, 8.27, 0.43mg/l, 2.21mg/l, 144MPN/100ml, 626.9MPN/100ml, 3.58mg/l and 9.43 mg/l. Maximum levels of nutrient matters were measured at Anzali and Kiyashahr sites. Results showed there are positive correlations between nutrient matters as well as COD with microbial indices. The average of microbial indices at nine sampling sites were higher than the permissible level of national and international organizations for swimming places. Due to high level of microbial pollution at Anzali and Chobar sampling sites, the swimming places of these areas require specific administration.
علوم زیستی دریا
Mousa Keshavarz; Ehsan Kamrani; Narges Amrollahi Biuki; Hossein Zamani
Abstract
Some of valuable species of Persian Gulf, such as sea urchins, are accounted less scientific studies due to the lack of any position in the local food baskets. Therefore, this survey is investigated the biometrical parameters of sea urchin Echinometra mathaei for a period of seven months (March– ...
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Some of valuable species of Persian Gulf, such as sea urchins, are accounted less scientific studies due to the lack of any position in the local food baskets. Therefore, this survey is investigated the biometrical parameters of sea urchin Echinometra mathaei for a period of seven months (March– September, 2014) in the intertidal zone of Lengeh Port (26˚32ʹ28 ̋N, 54˚52ʹ29 ̋̋ E). Random samples were collected monthly during spring tides and transferred alive to the laboratory and then the dissection and the separation of different parts of the body were started. Each part of the body length and weight was measured. By a mathematical method the volume of samples was calculated as an elliptical object. This study illustrated the largest and smallest sample were 0.07 and 103.77 grams, respectively. Results showed that the relationships between Total wet weight and Test Diameter (Total Wet Weight = 0.0053 Test Diameter2.3933), Total Wet Weight and Height (Total Wet Weight = 0.0122 Height2.5872) and Total Wet Weight and Volume (Total Wet Weight= 0.0071 Volume0.8706). The correlation coefficient between volume and total wet weight of samples was r=0.94 which shows the accuracy of Disk method. On the other hand, the HDR index was more in compared with the HWR index and it illustrates larger values of Test Diameter in compare with Height. Statical analyses prove that higher values of DWR in compared with HWR are reasonable and accurate in both sexes.
علوم زیستی دریا
mehrshad bahador; Abbas Moradi; Abolfazl Naji
Abstract
Toxicity of trace metals in the environment, bioaccumulation in aquatic environments and in food chains are of great importance.This study concentrates on the distribution patterns of some heavy metals (Pb, Ni, Zn and Fe) in surface sediments of Shoor River estuary. In order to determine the degree of ...
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Toxicity of trace metals in the environment, bioaccumulation in aquatic environments and in food chains are of great importance.This study concentrates on the distribution patterns of some heavy metals (Pb, Ni, Zn and Fe) in surface sediments of Shoor River estuary. In order to determine the degree of Contamination and environmental quality of region sediments, surface sediment (0-5 cm) samples were collected from 4 stations. At each station, three surface sediment samples were collected and the concentration of heavy metals were measured using a flame Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometer; Then indexes such as the Pollution Load Index (PLI) and Potential ecological risk index (RI) for each of the sampling stations and study area applied. The results of PLI represented the low accumulation of studied metals in the surface sediments of the area. Potential ecological risk was also low. The results indicated that Zn and Ni were mainly from anthropogenic discharge, while a significant portion of Pb and Fe were likely from natural inputs.Overall, frequent adverse effects were expected for Ni and occasional adverse biological effects are expected for Zn, whereas for Pb and Fe rare adverse biological effects are expected. Pearson’s correlation indicated that there was positive correlation betweenNi, Pb, Fe, TOM and fine grain size(p
علوم زیستی دریا
Haleh Ali Abedi; Seied Mohammad Bagher Nabavi; Babak Dustshenas; Ahmad Savari; Mohammad Sharif Ranjbar
Abstract
To investigate some bioecological parameters of dolphins between Qeshm and Hengam Islands waters, the present field study was started on November 2014 and finished on may 2015. During this study morphological features of individuals, within dolphin groups, distribution and reproduction of the Indo-Pacific ...
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To investigate some bioecological parameters of dolphins between Qeshm and Hengam Islands waters, the present field study was started on November 2014 and finished on may 2015. During this study morphological features of individuals, within dolphin groups, distribution and reproduction of the Indo-Pacific Bottlenose dolphin (Tursiops aduncus) and their activities at the sea surface were registered using camera systems. At the same time a field questioner form was design to collect the local fisherman informations regarding to dolphins behaviors in the region. During this study one dolphin species namely Tursiops aduncus (Indo-Pacific Bottlenose Dolphin) was identified. The breeding period of Indo-Pacific Bottlenose dolphin was in spring season and a newborns were observed in April 2015. According to field observations, the mean number of Indo-pacific Bottlenose dolphin groups was 23/13±5/49 with 2 newborns in April 2015.Key words: Indo-pacific bottlenose dolphins, Bioecological parameters, Persian Gulf, Qeshm Island, Hengam Island.
علوم زیستی دریا
Hasti Andon petrosians; a danehkar; s a; a p
Abstract
This study predicates the prone areas for developing Avicennia Marina forests along the coastal areas of Hormozgan province by studying the oceanography features influencing these forests and using logistic regression models. Tidal areas, flooding level, salinity of water and waves were considered as ...
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This study predicates the prone areas for developing Avicennia Marina forests along the coastal areas of Hormozgan province by studying the oceanography features influencing these forests and using logistic regression models. Tidal areas, flooding level, salinity of water and waves were considered as independent variables. The prediction of prone areas was based on using logistic regression model and the validity of the model was studied by ROC test and Pseudo-R2 . The results of this study indicates that; firstly the maximum wave height, the average maximum flooding level and the level of sanity of water are significantly associated with the presence of Mangrove and the high level of parameters of ROC and Pseudo-R2 confirm the validity of the model. Secondly the maximum wave height was introduced as the main marine parameter influencing the Mangrove communities. Finally the eastern part of the Persian Gulf coast, the west coast of Oman, and a few small spots in the easternmost parts of the coastal zone of Hormozgan province, were found as the most suitable areas for developing Mangrove forest.