علوم غیرزیستی دریا
mohamadreza mohamadifar; vahid chegini; MOHAMMAD ALI NAJARPOUR
Abstract
Wind waves are one of the most important environmental factors in marine engineering projects. due to the lack of measured wave data, predicted data are used to determine the climate of the waves. Today, numerical models have become the most practical tool for predicting wind waves. However, the results ...
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Wind waves are one of the most important environmental factors in marine engineering projects. due to the lack of measured wave data, predicted data are used to determine the climate of the waves. Today, numerical models have become the most practical tool for predicting wind waves. However, the results of these models are largely error-prone. Therefore, the outputs of numerical models have to be modified based on field data. A new approach used in the present study to modify the results of numerical model output variables in the computational domain is to create a local model and modify the results in boundary conditions which results in improved wave prediction in the computational domain. For this purpose, initial simulation of the waves (SWAN model) in Caspian Sea region was performed and the simulation results were compared with field data including Anzali, Noshahr and Offshore buoys. After initial simulation of the waves, the model parameter correction method is used to reduce error of the output results. By comparing the field data and the input data, we tried to approximate the results by applying the input parameter correction, which in turn improved the wave parameters and partly improved the simulation wave height. Then, a large-scale model of the entire Caspian Sea was implemented and then, a local model was defined, the boundary of which was slightly above the offshore deployment(located in the north of southern Caspian). The results show that using this method both the wave height and their periodicity are accurately predicted.
علوم انسانی دریا
Mahnaz Rashidi; Ali Mashhadi
Abstract
Mnemiopsis leidyi in Caspian Sea is an example of invasive alien species that was moved to Caspian Sea by ballast water of ships through Volga- Don canal in the 1990th decade. This Plankton-eating species put many of creatures of Caspian Sea such as Common Kilkas, Sturgeons and Caspian seals at risk ...
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Mnemiopsis leidyi in Caspian Sea is an example of invasive alien species that was moved to Caspian Sea by ballast water of ships through Volga- Don canal in the 1990th decade. This Plankton-eating species put many of creatures of Caspian Sea such as Common Kilkas, Sturgeons and Caspian seals at risk of distinction by disrupting the food chain. Due to the hard environmental and economic impacts of invasive alien species, the main question of this research is what obligations does international law impose on the Caspian coastal states to manage such species? In response, by using descriptive- analytical method and library resources, it was concluded that the Islamic Republic of Iran and other countries along Caspian Sea have become members of some global and regional environmental agreements which explicitly or implicitly, assigns them obligations on prevention, control and elimination of alien invasive species. International customary rules and general legal principles also impose obligations on these states to take preventive, precautionary and control measures. Violations any of primary obligations by countries or causing damage, can lead to the international responsibility of offending state or causing damage state. Therefore, international law is not challenged about existence of binding rules regarding the management of invasive alien species in Caspian Sea, but effective implementation of these rules requires further cooperation between member states.
علوم زیستی دریا
Maryam GhasemiTirtash; Ahamd Savari; bita archangi; Nasrin Sakhaei; Neda Mehdipour
Abstract
Monitoring of benthic communities is important factor in ecosystem health studies. The Caspian Sea is considered as an independent zoogeographical region due to its diversity, specificity and endemism of its fauna. For studying frequency and distribution patterns of macrobenthic community, 5 transects ...
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Monitoring of benthic communities is important factor in ecosystem health studies. The Caspian Sea is considered as an independent zoogeographical region due to its diversity, specificity and endemism of its fauna. For studying frequency and distribution patterns of macrobenthic community, 5 transects along the Southern Coasts of Caspian Sea from Astara to Chaboksar were sampled. In each transect 3 stations with the depth of 1,5 and 10 meters were selected in perpendicular line to the beach .Physical parameters such as Temperature, Salinity, Dissolved Oxygen and pH were measured in addition to sediment grain size. Sampling has done twice a year (winter 2014 and summer 2015).Totally 38 macro benthos species were identified. Gastropods of Hydrobiidae family and polychaet Streblospio gynobranchiata were the dominant group with the contribution of 80% of total macrobenthos population. Average number of total benthos was 2250 individual/m2 in winter and 2630 individual/m2 in summer. Non-parametric statistical tests showed significant difference between number and frequency of species in different depths (p
علوم انسانی دریا
mahbobe abedi samakosh; farzam farzan; morteza dosti pasha
Abstract
This study aimed to evaluate the Strengthening and developing tourism, and active Sports Tourists Factors with the theme of Caspian Sea coastal tourism. The present study is descriptive-survey and carried out on the field-by-field basis. The statistical population was 400 people including all the male ...
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This study aimed to evaluate the Strengthening and developing tourism, and active Sports Tourists Factors with the theme of Caspian Sea coastal tourism. The present study is descriptive-survey and carried out on the field-by-field basis. The statistical population was 400 people including all the male staff of TV stations in the provinces of the country and the sample size was determined 196 people based on the statistical population using the Morgan table. A researcher-made questionnaire was used to collect data and its internal reliability was calculated and approved by Cronbach's Alpha coefficient of 0.89. The one-sample Kolmogorov–Smirnov test was used to determine the normal distribution of data. Each treatment was analyzed by Friedman, U Man Whitney, and Kruskal-Wallis test and with the help of spss19 software. The findings showed that the natural attractions with the average of 7.13 are the most important Intrinsic absorption and informative factors, media and advertisements with an average of 7.12, which are the most important external tourists ‘attraction factors. Also, external absorption factors were more important than internal absorption factors. According to the results, it is suggested to the managers and authorities to hold celebrations appropriate to the culture of the city to attract the coastal tourists; besides, the natural features of the sea. Informing and advertising about recreation and coastal facilities through media and travel agencies. Also, in the season that the passenger low provides the ground for more tourists’ attraction through the special discounts on beach resorts.
علوم زیستی دریا
Mohsen Mohammadi Galangash; Abdolali Movahedinia; Zahra Bozorgpanah Kharat
Abstract
The microbial pollutions and nutrient matters of the southern part of Caspian Sea is to be under close scrutiny as it is vital to tourist health and environmental conservation.In this research, some physico-chemical factors, nutrient matters, oxygen demand parameters and microbial indices were investigated. ...
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The microbial pollutions and nutrient matters of the southern part of Caspian Sea is to be under close scrutiny as it is vital to tourist health and environmental conservation.In this research, some physico-chemical factors, nutrient matters, oxygen demand parameters and microbial indices were investigated. Sampling from nine sites along Astara to Chaboksar coastline were conducted with five replicates. The mean of temperature, Salinity, pH, phosphate, nitrate, FC, TC, BOD5 and COD were respectively obtained as 22.48°C, 8.5ppt, 8.27, 0.43mg/l, 2.21mg/l, 144MPN/100ml, 626.9MPN/100ml, 3.58mg/l and 9.43 mg/l. Maximum levels of nutrient matters were measured at Anzali and Kiyashahr sites. Results showed there are positive correlations between nutrient matters as well as COD with microbial indices. The average of microbial indices at nine sampling sites were higher than the permissible level of national and international organizations for swimming places. Due to high level of microbial pollution at Anzali and Chobar sampling sites, the swimming places of these areas require specific administration.
علوم زیستی دریا
h t; m r; h t
Abstract
Bivalves Mytilaster lineatus is one of the growing non-native species in southern shores of Caspian Sea. This study aimed to determine the number, biomass, cover percentage and investigate the affecting factors on distribution and abundance of the Bivalves in different regions of southern rocky shores ...
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Bivalves Mytilaster lineatus is one of the growing non-native species in southern shores of Caspian Sea. This study aimed to determine the number, biomass, cover percentage and investigate the affecting factors on distribution and abundance of the Bivalves in different regions of southern rocky shores of Caspian Sea. A field study has been conducted 3 replication random sampling of 15 × 15 cm quadrat on 10 stations, once a month from March 2013 to February 2014, along natural and artificial rocky shores from Astara to Babolsar. In this study the average number, percentage cover and biomass of this species have been determined in quadrats as follows, respectively: 381.9, 32.6 percent and 32.0 g per unit area. Also, the average of water temperature, salinity, pH, dissolve oxygen and conductivity have been measured as follows, respectively: 16,48 C0, 9,87 ppt, 8.27 pH, 9.89 mg/lit and16.52 m/s. The results of the number, biomass and percentage cover of bivalve have shown a meaningful difference among 3, 4, 6 satations and other stations. Moreover, 3 station with 1373.7 number, 90.00 % percentage cover and 133 gr per unit area biomass suggested the highest level of annual measure of bivalve’s population. According to PCA test, salinity, water temperature, algae percentage cover and chlorophyll a determined as the most important factors affecting this kind of species in different regions.
علوم زیستی دریا
Farzad Sotohian; Mohsen Ranjbaran
Abstract
The Ostracods of crustacean live in from the shoreline to a depth of about 2,800 meters. Ostracods are more often found such as lakes, streams, rivers, marshes, lagoons, seas and oceans. These organisms are found in all ecosystems such as freshwater, brackish and marine and it is reasonable are found ...
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The Ostracods of crustacean live in from the shoreline to a depth of about 2,800 meters. Ostracods are more often found such as lakes, streams, rivers, marshes, lagoons, seas and oceans. These organisms are found in all ecosystems such as freshwater, brackish and marine and it is reasonable are found fossils in all the areas mentioned above. Ostracodes are very important in ancient ecology, especially when foraminifera are either absent or very rare. However the Caspian Sea is a salty taste, bitter too, but quite sweeter from ocean water and 13 per thousand salt dissolved. This area is suitable environment for life ostracode. These creatures are both benthic and pelagic form, but form of pelagic are rare. Species such as leptocythere alifani, Stenocypria fischeri, cyprideis sp., cyprideis littoralis, loxocnoncha gibboida, loxocnoncha eichwaldii, loxocnoncha emendates, and caspiolla liventali are most species are known in the southeast Caspian Sea. in this study was based the species identification of ostracods and the interpretation of environment suitable environment.
علوم زیستی دریا
Fatemeh Nazarhaghighi; m z; n sh
Abstract
In order to study of reproductive stages of Caspian Sea Amphipod the sampling was made in southern coasts of Caspian sea( Jefrood beache). Amphipods transferred to laboratory with some their native sediment. Samples were maintained in controlled laboratory condition as temperature of 2510C, salinity ...
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In order to study of reproductive stages of Caspian Sea Amphipod the sampling was made in southern coasts of Caspian sea( Jefrood beache). Amphipods transferred to laboratory with some their native sediment. Samples were maintained in controlled laboratory condition as temperature of 2510C, salinity of 9± 0.5 ppt and a 12 hrs light - dark regime. The average priod spent in precopula stage was about 2.6±0.91 days and embryonic development took about 8.5 ±1.05 days. The fecundity was estimated as the number of fertilized eggs existing in brood pouch of each female(14.125). first precopula was observed after about 40 days of birth.To assay Assay of various feed composition on growth of Gammarus, of similar size of Gammarus were fed by composite food of (fish- potato), (fish- bread) , (fish-leaf), (leaf-potato), (leaf-bread) , (bread-potato). At the end of 6th week the head of all specimens were measured. The obtained result of statistically analyzed and showed, significant difference between the treatments (p0.05) The combined potato- bread food was determined the most suitable food to feed Gammarus.
علوم زیستی دریا
Mehrnoush Norouzi
Abstract
Genetic structure of golden mullet, Liza aurata, investigated in the Gomishan and Anzali wetlands using six microsatellite primer sets (Muce55, Muce37, Muso10, Muco16, Muso19, and Muso22). Totally 60 samples of adult golden mullet were collected from these regions. All primer sets as polymorphic loci ...
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Genetic structure of golden mullet, Liza aurata, investigated in the Gomishan and Anzali wetlands using six microsatellite primer sets (Muce55, Muce37, Muso10, Muco16, Muso19, and Muso22). Totally 60 samples of adult golden mullet were collected from these regions. All primer sets as polymorphic loci were used to analyze the genetic variation. Analyses revealed that average of alleles (Na) per locus was 5.3 (range 3 to 9 alleles) and in regions, samples of Gomishan wetland 5.1 and Anzali wetland 5.5 respectively. All sampled regions contained private alleles. The average estimates of inbreeding coefficients (Fis and Fit) values of 6 microsatellites were positive. The average observed and expected heterozygosity was in Gomishan wetland 0.153 and 0.721 and Anzali wetland 0.328 and 0.747 respectively. Deviations from Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium were in all cases (P
علوم زیستی دریا
Seiyed Hossein Nabavi; Behrooz Abtahi; Vali allah Jafari Shamushaki; Rasool Ghorbani; Alexander Kasumyan
Abstract
The fish gustatory system provides the final sensory evaluation in the feeding process. Free amino acids have a stimulating effect in the fish gustatory system. In this study, behavioral responses to taste in juveniles of Persian sturgeon (Acipenser persicus) to the granules contain a base concentration ...
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The fish gustatory system provides the final sensory evaluation in the feeding process. Free amino acids have a stimulating effect in the fish gustatory system. In this study, behavioral responses to taste in juveniles of Persian sturgeon (Acipenser persicus) to the granules contain a base concentration (0.001 mol) of the free amino acids, Aspartic acid, Histidine and Cysteine to study the effects of increasing temperature (28 °C, water of reproduction center, 30 and 32 ° C) in treatments 24, 48 and 96 hours were investigated. The results have shown results have shown that the taste response of juveniles of sturgeon to the granules contain different substances are very little different at three temperatures. All tested amino acids increased the average number of catching (extra oral preferences) as compared to control, but despite this increase, the amino acid aspartic acid treatment was significant compared with other treatments. The mean proportion consumption of pellets of % catching number (intra oral preferences), the highest proportion of aspartic acid treatment at 24 and 96 hours, a significant difference was observed (p˂0.05). The results this research showed that the taste preference to environmental factors such as small changes in water temperature resistant.
علوم زیستی دریا
Loqman Naderi; ali Shabani; Bahareh shabanpour; hamid reza rezaei
Abstract
Sharpnose mullet is an exotic species of Caspian Sea which was translocated from Black sea to Caspian Sea during 1930 to 1934 then colonized successfully and now it is commercial species of Caspian Sea. There are no information at molecular level about this species after 8 decade presence in Caspian ...
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Sharpnose mullet is an exotic species of Caspian Sea which was translocated from Black sea to Caspian Sea during 1930 to 1934 then colonized successfully and now it is commercial species of Caspian Sea. There are no information at molecular level about this species after 8 decade presence in Caspian Sea, therefor in order to investigation of genetic structure of Sharpnose mullet (L. saliens) in two regions, Babolsar (27 specimens) and Tonekabon (30 specimens), of Mazandaran Province was used 6 microsatellite loci. Results showed low allelic richness (Na=5) and high level of Heterozygosity (Ho=0.821). So genetic diversity of species this was very low relative to marine species. Also, genetic differentiation index between population was very low (0.032) due to natural migration and high gen flow (10.4) between these regions.
علوم غیرزیستی دریا
Sahar j; Masoud t; a k
Abstract
Temperature is one of the fundamental parameters in physical oceanography and study of marine processes. The variation of Spatial and local of Sea Surface Temperature have an important role on climate change , life of fish, ocean currents, amount of salinity and the other carectistics of seas and lakes. ...
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Temperature is one of the fundamental parameters in physical oceanography and study of marine processes. The variation of Spatial and local of Sea Surface Temperature have an important role on climate change , life of fish, ocean currents, amount of salinity and the other carectistics of seas and lakes. The purpose of this research has predicted of sea surface temperature in the Caspian Sea. So the data on the Caspian Sea surface temperature (SST) that have been measured with Aqua satellite from MODIS sensor have been collected from 2003 to 2007 .This data analyzed by Fourier series method. Using Fourier analysis calculated Fourier coefficients and temperature predict for future year. Also average of sea surface temperature in three portion of Caspian Sea by 24 selected stations has been calculated. The pattern of sea surface temperature in different times of whole Caspian Sea during 2003-2007 was identified. The result of spectral time series is shown that temperature variation in different times have a same pattern. So in all stations spectral frequency have a 12 month periodic pattern.
Mahmoud Shakoorian; Bahram Falahatkar
Volume 10, Issue 1 , September 2012, , Pages 32-43
Abstract
Availability of brood fish with high quality is one of the main aspects in sturgeon rehabilitation programs. The present study was conducted to compare different biological parameters and reproduction indices in 397 of Persian sturgeon broodstocks caught in the Sefidroud River and the Caspian Sea using ...
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Availability of brood fish with high quality is one of the main aspects in sturgeon rehabilitation programs. The present study was conducted to compare different biological parameters and reproduction indices in 397 of Persian sturgeon broodstocks caught in the Sefidroud River and the Caspian Sea using beach seine and gillnets. A total of 74 Persian sturgeon broodstocks were caught in the Sefidroud River, and in the sea 199 spawners were collected using beach seine and 124 collected using gillnets. Results obtained showed that the minimum mean weight (26.5 ± 5.1 kg) recorded belonged to fish caught in beach seine whereas maximum mean weight (30.0 ± 4.0 kg) recorded belonged to fish caught in the river which were significantly different (P<0.05). No significant differences were detected in the weight of gonad from different groups of broodstocks (P>0.05). The highest polarization index (PI) (10.6 ± 2.6) in broodstocks belonged to the groups caught in beach seine and minimum PI values (6.6 ± 0.9) were observed in broodstocks caught in the river (P<0.05). Highest fertilization rate (92.2 ± 3.3 %) belonged to broodstocks caught in the river which was significantly higher than broodstocks collected from the sea (75.1 ± 4.8 %) (P<0.05). It is evident from the results obtained that higher values for reproduction indices were recorded in broodstocks caught in the river. Therefore, it is suggested that in order to improve artificial breeding programs in hatcheries and also to increase fertilization rate and survival rates of eggs and larvae, more attempts should be made to facilitate the migration of these spawners into the Sefidroud.