Document Type : Original Manuscript
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Abstract
Carriage of goods by sea starts with maritime carriage contracts that governed by freedom of contract principle but incorporation of non-liability clause in this contracts widely in favor of carrier led to governments make legislation for remedy of this non bargaining power so the legislations are in order to make balance between carrier and sender, but internal legislation in this respect led to fragmentation and this phenomena led to conflict of law , for preventing of this ,international community attempted to unification law in this area is Convention on Contracts for the International Carriage of Goods Wholly or Partly by Sea adopted by United Nations that Popularly known as the Rotterdam Rules that extending the period of responsibility of the carrier beyond tackle-to tackle and port-to-port while still allowing the parties to agree on the otherwise.
Several important principles are reflected in the Rotterdam Rules. Foremost among these is the desire to achieve broad uniformity in the law governing the international carriage of goods The Rotterdam Rules now offer the only realistic possibility for an internationally uniform regime in this respect.
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