Document Type : Original Manuscript
Authors
Faculty of Management, Accounting and Humanities, Qazvin, branch, Islamic Azad University, Qazvin, Iran.
Abstract
Abstract
Nowadays, more than 90% of global transportation is carried out by sea. Different factors, such as the emission of gases related to the fuel of ships in the sea and especially in ports, the leakage of oil materials due to marine accidents and the negligence of ship crews, the use of port equipment, impure diesel fuel in power station generators, etc., caused an increase in greenhouse gases emergence, environmental pollution and endangering human lives. Therefore, the creation and establishment of green ports by applying the global and international standards and complying with maritime conventions and regulations would smooth out the process of the intelligentization of ports. In consequence, it can definitely increase the speed of goods transfer, the tracking of ships and goods, provide the transparency of statistics, reduce the costs, and increase the quality and capacity of the seaports. This research, for the above-mentioned reasons, has applied the integrated theory that is empowered and developed by Dempster-Shafer and the interpretive structural equations of ISM (the green and smart components of ports). According to the carried out analysis, firstly, 9 key indicators were identified in the greening and smartness of ports, then the identified indicators were classified based on the PESTEL analytical model. Finally, based on the Dempster-Shafer method, it was indicated that the greenness indicator of the sea port margins with a weight of 0.141 is ranked in the first place, and the amount of greenhouse gas production with a weight of 0.131 was ranked as the second one and in compliance with smart technology, it was ranked in the third place with a weight of 0.128. This research also applies the approach of the ISM method for identifying the applied indicators.
INTRODUCTION
In the traditional way of carrying cargo, the cargo is transferred from hand to hand many times, and in each of these stages, there is a possibility of delay and unavoidable damage. While in container shipping, these symptoms are greatly reduced and insignificant. Today, shipping and transportation by sea shows a great trend towards shipping goods in containers (Castelein et al., 2020). Therefore, the transportation sector is a strong factor in the field of balanced economic and regional development, and it also has a lot of influence on national integration into the world economic market. Recent studies and political initiatives have emphasized the importance of reducing economic, institutional, and spatial barriers to entry in ports. Some of the challenges faced by the ports are supply/demand imbalance and systematic demand fluctuations, which are beyond the capacity of each port. What can be effective in improving the performance of container lines are three sets of business measures, operations, network, and the establishment of appropriate fleets. In total, these three elements usually improve income by 20 percent (Abu Aisha et al., 2020).
MATERIAL AND METHODS
According to the evaluations made in the ports of Iran, the lack of integrity of the network and the coastal and marine transport fleets is not an exception to this, and also due to the lack of a smart container terminal, network, and suitable fleets for carrying and transporting containers systematically and no schedule will lead to the development of container transportation in these ports. The main elements and issues related to ports include operations (e.g., constraints, delays, operational errors, and lack of information sharing (Braveboy, 2015), environment (Lam and Notteboom, 2014), energy (Abbasi et al., 2017), safety (Cho et al., 2018), and security. These issues may continue if timely planning is not done.
Therefore, a comprehensive review of the articles reveals two views on the development of ports. One view is that the smartness of a port is more related to ideology than technology and physical infrastructure. Based on the analyses carried out in the research literature as well as the research implementation environment, the innovation of this research is considering the green and smart theory of Iranian ports based on international standards, as well as analyzing the levels of green and smart ports based on the integrated approach of Dempster and Shafer and equations. It is an interpretive structure. Therefore, according to the research findings of Chen et al. (2019) in the introduction of green and smart factors in commercial ports, in this research, we have decided to first evaluate the indicators based on the developed theory of Dempster-Shafer and then based on the approach of the interpretive structural equations method to level the identification indicators.
RESULTS
In the analysis carried out, 9 key indicators in the greening and smartness of ports were identified. The identified indicators were classified based on the Pestel analytical model, and based on the Dempster-Shafer method, it was shown that the greenness index of the port edge, with a weight of 0.141, is in the first place. The amount of greenhouse gas production, with a weight of 0.131 ranked second, and compliance with smart technology ranked third with a weight of 0.128. Finally, based on the approach of the ISM method, the identified indicators were leveled
CONCLUSION
As it has been stated, in the competitive environment among ports, the role of smartness and greenness is more effective in the development of strategies for using this shipping method. Based on the method considered in this article, a Dempster-Shafer integration model approach and interpretive structural equations were presented. It was determined that at the strategic level, the issue of greenness of ports is the first concern of the countries' ports, and the factors that destroy the criteria of greenness are given the first attention and the management of activities. Based on the findings of the research, it is suggested that, based on the SWOT method, the operational level of ports should be developed and drawn to address the problems of green and smart ports and the development of port businesses. Also, the infrastructure of the country's ports should be developed based on the classification standards, and the weak points and strengths of the ports should be analyzed based on the updated navigation systems.
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