Abstract
In the design and construction of structures, especially water structures, and contact with any problematic soils, many issues and problems may arise during construction or operation, eventually leading to local destruction or destruction of the structure. Iran is one of the countries that, due to its special arid and semi-arid climatic conditions as well as its geology, many types of problematic soils are found in it, so the existence of this category of soils has been the source of many destructions and damages caused in There have been all kinds of structures, especially water structures in the country. To achieve the goals of the present research, tests were conducted on the soils of the construction site of Ramhormoz canals in three sections to identify the mineral type and morphology of the tested samples and to investigate the effect of different additives on the mechanical properties of the soil samples. The results of the research show that there are changes in the paste limit for all related samples, the lowest value for the sample with 5% lime is an increase of 3.58 and the highest value for the sample with 7% cement is an increase of 9.65. The changes in internal friction angle for all samples show that the lowest value related to the sample with 7% cement is equal to 0.1% increase and the highest value related to the sample with 7% cement is equal to 24.9% increase.

INTRODUCTION

In the design and construction of structures, especially water structures, and contact with any problematic soils, many issues and problems may arise during construction or operation, eventually leading to local destruction or destruction of the structure. Iran is one of the countries that, due to its special arid and semi-arid climatic conditions as well as its geology, many types of problematic soils are found in it, so the existence of this category of soils has been the source of many destructions and damages caused in There have been all kinds of structures, especially water structures in the country.

METHOD AND MATERIAL

To achieve the objectives of the present research, field sampling was done after studying the previous
research, and then relevant laboratory studies were carried out by transferring the prepared samples to the laboratory. Laboratory studies of the current research in three sections: mineralogy of samples with XRD device, morphology of samples with SEM device; and Granulation of the samples was done by LPSA method. For sampling for the present research, data collection was done from the Ramhormoz region located in Khuzestan province, which has chalk soils and is the place where various water transfer structures are implemented. In this research, manual boreholes were dug from a depth of -30 (minus 30 cm) from the base level to a depth of -60 (minus 60 cm) and the information about the state of the soil layer was obtained by sampling the mentioned boreholes by performing the necessary tests. From the soil composition that was sampled from the mentioned places with 3 types of solid materials including: a- The combination of soil with type 2 cement with a combination of 2, 5%, and 7% by volume. b- Mixing the soil with slaked lime with a combination of 5% and 7% by volume. C - Mixing the soil with slag with 3 with a combination of 5% and 7% by volume.

Results

The results of this research show that the changes in the paste limit for all the samples show that the lowest value for the sample with 5% lime is a 3.58% increase and the highest value for the sample with 8% cement is a 9.65% increase. Also, the changes in the dry density of compaction show that the lowest value of the sample with 7% cement is equal to a 22% decrease and the highest value of the sample with 7% slag is equal to a 6% increase. The changes in adhesion coefficient show that the lowest value of the sample with 5% cement is a 15.4% decrease and the highest value of the sample with 5% slag is a 450% increase. The changes in the internal friction angle show that the lowest value corresponding to the sample with 5% and 7% lime, 5% and 7% slag, and the highest value corresponding to the sample with 5% cement is equal to a 5.8% increase.

DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSION

In general, the most important reactions of lime with soil can be divided into four categories: a) flocculation, b) carbonation, 3) ion exchange, and d) pozzolanic reactions, and each of these changes can be Even in a short period observed in the soil. In the event of any of the presented reactions, changes can be observed in the optimum moisture content, specific weight, reduction in plasticity indices, and increase in unconfined compressive strength. The mixture of lime and clay with the cation exchange reaction of clay minerals and as a result, coagulation of its fine particles, provides suitable conditions by which the flocculated clay particles together cause the formation of larger particles. This process involves the hydration reaction of quicklime. After this initial rapid reaction, more permanent reactions begin, such as the pozzolanic reaction in which materials impregnated with cement are used, the best performance of the samples is expected in a longer time. Hydration reactions are effective at temperatures above 20 degrees Celsius, at higher stages this reaction causes an increase in resistance through the formation of hydrated calcium silicate and hydrated calcium aluminate silicate from hydration and pozzolanic reactions. The formation of these compounds increases resistance.   Considering that the soil of the study area is gypsum, therefore, among the mechanical parameters of the soil, the coefficient of adhesion can be considered as the most important parameter. Therefore, based on the above explanation and based on the results obtained, mineral slag is added to the soil of the study area. It can be a suitable solution to solve the mentioned soil problem.

ACKNOWLEDGEMENT

The authors of the article express their gratitude to Khorramshahr University of Marine Sciences and Technology and Khuzestan Water and Power Organization for their financial and spiritual support of this research.