علوم زیستی دریا
Zohreh Ebrahimi; Giti Forghani Tehrani; Abd-al-Reza Kaboli
Abstract
The Ziarat River is one of the tributaries of the Qarah-su catchment, and a part of this river flows through Gorgan City. In order to investigate the environmental hydrogeochemistry of the river, 11 water samples were collected. Physicochemical parameters, the concentrations of major ions and metals, ...
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The Ziarat River is one of the tributaries of the Qarah-su catchment, and a part of this river flows through Gorgan City. In order to investigate the environmental hydrogeochemistry of the river, 11 water samples were collected. Physicochemical parameters, the concentrations of major ions and metals, as well as the biological parameters were analyzed. The obtained results show that pH and EC of the water samples vary from 7.2 to 7.9, and from 701 to 1422 μS/cm, respectively. The highest pH and EC values were observed near the discharging point of cowshed effluents and the Ziarat hot spring, respectively. On the basis of hydrogeochemical studies, the chemical composition of water samples is mainly controlled by the dissolution process. The water type changed from Ca-SO4 in upstream to Na-Cl in downstream, probably because of natural and anthropogenic factors. Regarding the major ion concentrations, all water samples are in the acceptable range for drinking usage. Based on the Wilcox diagram, and regarding the calculated residual sodium carbonate and sodium percentage values, the studied water samples are suitable for drinking and agricultural purposes; however, regarding the values of magnesium hazard index, most of the samples are not suitable for agricultural usage. Metal pollution indices show that studied samples are highly polluted, especially those samples which were collected at the wastewater discharging points. The values of dissolved oxygen in all samples are in the permissible limits. However, in some stations, BOD and COD levels are higher than permissible values, and the highest amount of these parameters is observed near the discharging point of cowshed and agricultural effluents. All water samples are microbially polluted, and the lowest microbial pollution is observed in upstream stations. The values of Water Quality Indices indicate that all studied samples are classified as low and very low quality.
علوم زیستی دریا
Seyed Hashem Beitalavi; Hamid Mohammadiazarm; Milad Maniat
Abstract
In this study, in order to use prebiotics as one of the best solutions to maintain the health of farmed aquatic animals and increase their resistance against pathogenic instead of antibiotics, the effects of different levels of isomaltooligosaccharide (ISO) prebiotics on growth performance, biochemical ...
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In this study, in order to use prebiotics as one of the best solutions to maintain the health of farmed aquatic animals and increase their resistance against pathogenic instead of antibiotics, the effects of different levels of isomaltooligosaccharide (ISO) prebiotics on growth performance, biochemical body composition, and mucosal immunity of red tilapia (Oreochromis mossambicus × Oreochromis niloticus) were investigated. For this purpose, 300 pieces of red tilapia were randomly divided into 15 aquariums with capacity of 100 L in 5 treatments with 3 replications. Experimental treatments as described in the control treatment without ISO, first treatment: the diet containing 2.5 g/kg of ISO, second treatment: the diet containing 5 g/kg of ISO, third treatment: the diet containing 10 g/kg of ISO, and fourth treatment: the diet containing 20 g/kg of ISO. Therefore, the fish were fed ad libitum three times per day for 8 weeks. The result showed that the used prebiotic ISO improves growth and nutritional performance, body biochemical composition, and some biochemical parameters of blood serum in red tilapia. In addition, the mucosal immunity indices of fish were improved under the effect of diets containing prebiotic ISO. Among the experimental treatments, the third treatment had the best performance in terms of final weight (13.4±0.31g), food conversion factor (1.02±0.02), percentage of protein content of body (13.49±0.25), blood serum protein (4.66±0.10 gr/dl), globulin (3.23±0.02 g/dl), and mucus immune indices such as mucus protein (20.29±1.05 mg/ml), immunoglobulin (62.0±0.32 mg/ml) 7), and lysozyme activity (9.14±0.24 u/ml). Therefore, it could be concluded that the use of ISO prebiotics at the level of 1% can have beneficial effects on performance of juveniles red tilapia fish.
علوم زیستی دریا
Rezvan Khavari; Fatemeh Mosavi
Abstract
Abkharvar Behbahan channel is 7 km long in Behbahan Plain located in arid and semi-arid area and it is limited in terms of water resources, therefore it is very important to preserve the quality of water resources and prevent them from being polluted. In order to investigate the pollution level of Abkharvar ...
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Abkharvar Behbahan channel is 7 km long in Behbahan Plain located in arid and semi-arid area and it is limited in terms of water resources, therefore it is very important to preserve the quality of water resources and prevent them from being polluted. In order to investigate the pollution level of Abkharvar Cannel, sampling operations were carried out from 6 locations in the studied area. Water samples to determine the concentration of heavy elements As, Fe, Pb, Se, Zn, Mn, Cr, anions Cl-, SO42-, NO3-, CO3-, HCO3-, and cations Ca2+, Na+, Mg2+, K+, and important water quality parameters including Ph, EC and TDS were analyzed by ICP-OES, FAES, OAS, titration, drying and conductivity methods. The pH levels in all samples are within the WHO standard and the standard of wastewater discharged to surface water and agricultural uses. The concentration of SO42- anion and Mg2+, Na+, Ca2+ cations and important water quality factors including EC, TDS in the sample taken from the Maroon River (S6) is higher than the WHO drinking water limit. Geochemical data show that the water chemistry in the region is strongly influenced by factors such as the entry of industrial and human wastewater into this chanel, as well as the dissolution of carbonate rocks and evaporative sediments containing gypsum, calcite, and halite minerals along the Abkharvar Behbahan channel.
علوم زیستی دریا
Maryam Hasani; Mahin Rigi; Moazameh Kordjazi; Shirin Hasani
Abstract
Omega-3 fatty acids play a role in achieving optimal health and protection against various diseases. Although the instability and oxidation of its essential fatty acids have limited its use in food products. Among the strategies used to avoid these challenges, the encapsulation method has been the most ...
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Omega-3 fatty acids play a role in achieving optimal health and protection against various diseases. Although the instability and oxidation of its essential fatty acids have limited its use in food products. Among the strategies used to avoid these challenges, the encapsulation method has been the most successful method. Therefore, the present study was performed with the aim of improving the stability of fish oil with encapsulation method and producing a useful product. In this research, the encapsulation of fish oil with a ratio of 3:1 (oil: coating) was done with malt dextrin, sodium casein ate, protein whey concentrates and modified starch (HICAP) by freeze drying. Yogurt enriched with encapsulated fish oil powder was produced and the physicochemical and sensory properties of the product were evaluated. The results showed that the particle size, particle dispersion index and encapsulation efficiency of the capsules were 0.85μm, 0.29 and 90%, respectively. Also, the results showed that the syneresis of yogurt enriched with microcapsules was lower and the water holding capacity was higher than the control and sample enriched with non-encapsulated fish oil. The increase of peroxide values in yogurt enriched with encapsulated fish oil had a slower trend than yogurt enriched with non-encapsulated oil. In all treatments, pH decreased and acidity increased. The sensory evaluation of the treatments revealed that the quality parameters of the yogurt treatments decreased during storage, and the yogurt treatments enriched with microencapsulated oil and the control treatment did not show any significant difference in terms of overall acceptance.
علوم زیستی دریا
Sahar Ahmadvand; Solmaz Shirali; Nasrin Sakhaei; Babak Doustshenas
Abstract
The Unionidae family is the most abundant family among freshwater bivalves which belongs to the Unionida order. Considering the nutritional, economic and environmental importance of bivalve molluscs, as well as the lack of information related to freshwater mussels of the Unionida order, especially the ...
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The Unionidae family is the most abundant family among freshwater bivalves which belongs to the Unionida order. Considering the nutritional, economic and environmental importance of bivalve molluscs, as well as the lack of information related to freshwater mussels of the Unionida order, especially the species belonging to the Unionidae family, as well as their global risk and concidering the importance of the ovary and the testis as an important organ of reproduction and survival and since histological studies are the most accurate method in determining the stages of the gonadal cycle, this research was conducted with the aim of investigating the histology of oogenesis and spermatogenesis in Unio tigridis of the Karun River. Sampling was done seasonally. For this purpose, the studied species after catching in every season were transferred to the histological laboratory, then they were biometrically identified using valid identification books and keys. After dissection, small pieces of gonads were separated and after tissue passage, they were examined histologically and histometrically. The results of the histological studies of the gonads showed that this species is often heterosexual. The results of the histological studies of gonads showed that out of 41 oysters in this study, there was only one hermaphrodite, and testicular and ovarian tissue were simultaneously observed in the gonad tissue. The ovary was asynchronous type because, at any time, all types of follicles in different stages of development (oogonia, previtellogenic oocytes, vitellogenic oocytes) were visible in the ovaries. The highest rate of development and maturation of both male and female gonads was observed in spring. It seems that the main breeding time of Unio tigridis species in the Karun River in the study area is in spring.
علوم زیستی دریا
Shahla Hamid; Faedeh Amini; Solmaz Shirali; Kamal Ghanemi; Ahmad Shadi
Abstract
In this study, the amount of heavy metals (nickel, cadmium, lead, copper, mercury) in brown algae Sargassum sp., Padina sp. and Cystoseira sp., sediments and the amount of mercury in water were also measured. ampling was done during winter 2016 and summer 2017 at four stations from the shores of Bushehr.Analysis ...
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In this study, the amount of heavy metals (nickel, cadmium, lead, copper, mercury) in brown algae Sargassum sp., Padina sp. and Cystoseira sp., sediments and the amount of mercury in water were also measured. ampling was done during winter 2016 and summer 2017 at four stations from the shores of Bushehr.Analysis of heavy metals in sediments and algae after chemical digestion and preparation was investigated by Savanta model atomic absorption spectrophotometer. The order obtained from the concentration of heavy metals in Padina sp. cadmium > lead > nickel > copper > mercury, for Sargassum sp. as lead > copper > nickel > cadmium > mercury and for Cystoseira sp. It is in the form of copper > lead > nickel > cadmium > mercury, among which Padina sp algae had the highest accumulation of heavy metals. The order of concentration of metals in sediments was nickel > lead > copper > cadmium > mercury. All metals, except for lead metal, have a higher average in the summer season, and the average mercury metal in water was measured at 0.23 micrograms per gram of dry weight. Correlation results showed that the concentration of heavy metals (nickel, cadmium, lead, copper, and mercury) in macroalgae Padina sp, Sargassum sp, sp. Cystoseira and their adjacent sediments in the shores of Bushehr, two algae Sargassum sp. and sp. Cystoseira have a greater ability to accumulate heavy metals.Cystoseira have a greater ability to accumulate heavy metals. According to the obtained results, the concentration of heavy metal mercury in the waters of the shores of Bushehr city with its amount in the studied algae, it seems that Sargassum sp. It is a suitable material for biological monitoring of this metal in the study area.
علوم زیستی دریا
Narges Saremi; Saeed Keyvanshokooh; Seyed Mohammad Mousavi; Hamid Mohammadiazarm
Abstract
Abstract
This study was conducted to investigate the effects of nano-selenium (Se) and vitamin C on the growth and nutritional indicators and body composition of common carp (Cyprinus carpio) juveniles. Experimental diets were prepared with three levels of nanoselenium (0, 0.5, and 1 mg/kg) and three ...
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Abstract
This study was conducted to investigate the effects of nano-selenium (Se) and vitamin C on the growth and nutritional indicators and body composition of common carp (Cyprinus carpio) juveniles. Experimental diets were prepared with three levels of nanoselenium (0, 0.5, and 1 mg/kg) and three levels of vitamin C (0, 500 and 1000 mg/kg). The fish were randomly divided into nine experimental groups in triplicate and fed with experimental diets for eight weeks. The results showed that fish fed with C500Se1 and C500Se0.5 diets had a significantly higher specific growth rate than other treatments (P<0.05). The lowest feed conversion ratio was observed in the C1000Se1 treatment and the highest in the control group (P<0.05). Also, based on the results, no significant change was observed in the carcass biochemical composition of common carp juveniles (P>0.05). In general, the results show that the composition of nanoselenium and vitamin C had positive effects on the growth and nutritional indicators of common carp, and it can be stated that the diet enriched with 500 mg of vitamin C and 1 mg of nanoselenium is recommended to increase the growth of common carp.
Introduction
Selenium (Se) is an essential micronutrient that participates in the structure of selenoproteins with vital biological functions in humans and animals. Selenium is involved in antioxidant defense, growth, fertility, immunity, digestion, and absorption of food in farmed animals, and has been used in nutritional studies on various fish species. Combined supplementation of nanoselenium and vitamin C improved growth performance and health status of Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) (Dawood et al., 2020). However, the positive effects of combining nanoselenium with vitamin C in common carp have not been investigated. As studies on other species suggest that the positive effects of nanoselenium can be enhanced in combination with other micronutrients (Khalil et al., 2022), the present study aimed to investigate the effects of nanoselenium and vitamin C on growth performance and body biochemistry of common carp (Cyprinus carpio) juveniles.
Materials and methods
Experimental diets were prepared with three levels of nanoselenium (0, 0.5 and 1 mg/kg) and three levels of vitamin C (0, 500 and 1000 mg/kg). The fish were randomly divided into 9 experimental groups in triplicates and were fed with experimental diets for 8 weeks. The fish were fed twice a day (9:00 am and 17:00 pm). Each experimental treatment was aerated with constant aeration and about 20% of water was daily exchanged. During the experiment, water quality parameters were daily monitored. Temperature ranges from 27.5 to 28.3oC, pH was between 7.5 and 7.8, dissolved oxygen was 7.2 to 7.5 mg/ml and photoperiods were about 10 hours of light and 14 hours of dark and was adjusted according to the daily natural light. At the end of the experimental period, all fish in each treatment were biometrically measured and the growth parameters were calculated.
Results
The results showed that fish fed with C500Se1 and C500Se0.5 diets had a significantly higher specific growth rate than other treatments (P<0.05). The lowest feed conversion ratio was observed in the C1000Se1 treatment and the highest in the control group (P<0.05). Also, based on the results, no significant change was observed in the carcass biochemical composition of common carp juvenile (P>0.05).
Conclusion
In the present study, the addition of nanoselenium and vitamin C, alone or in combination, to the diet of common carp increased the final weight and SGR and improved the FCR. These findings are in agreement with studies that investigated the effects of Nanoselenium or vitamin C supplements in their separate application on common carp (Ashouri et al., 2015; Ghafarifarsani et al., 2022) and other fish species (Çiçek and Özoğul, 2021, Dawood et al. 2021). In general, the results show that the composition of nanoselenium and vitamin C had positive effects on the growth and nutritional indicators of common carp and it can be stated that the diet enriched with 500 mg of vitamin C and 1 mg of nanoselenium is recommended to increase the growth of common carp.
علوم زیستی دریا
Ali Mohammadi; Leila Abdoli; Arash Akbarzadeh
Abstract
Abstract:Due to the implementation of breeding programs, imported rainbow trout have better growth and quality than the rainbow trout propagated in Iran. This compared the meat quality and stress resistance of Spanish imported and Iranian rainbow trout reared in both spring and river water sources. A ...
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Abstract:Due to the implementation of breeding programs, imported rainbow trout have better growth and quality than the rainbow trout propagated in Iran. This compared the meat quality and stress resistance of Spanish imported and Iranian rainbow trout reared in both spring and river water sources. A total of 432 individuals from each breed were subjected to four treatment conditions with three replicates in 12 pools over a 90-day period. At the conclusion of the rearing period, meat quality was assessed through proximate analysis. Additionally, 20 randomly selected fish from each treatment were subjected to acute temperature stress, as well as exposure to acidic and alkaline pH conditions. Our findings reveal no significant differences in carcass protein and fat percentages between Spanish and Iranian trout across both river and spring water sources. The highest protein content was observed in Iranian and Spanish trout reared in river water. Moreover, survival rates of Spanish trout were significantly higher than those of Iranian trout when subjected to temperature stress, acidic pH, and alkaline pH in both spring and river water sources (P<0.05). Overall, our results demonstrate that Spanish rainbow trout exhibit greater resilience to environmental stressors compared to Iranian trout, likely attributed to the implementation of targeted breeding programs in this breed. INTRODUCTION Despite the widespread interest among rainbow trout farms in using imported fish for cultivation, there is a lack of comprehensive and definitive information regarding the superior growth, survival, and resistance of these strains compared to domestically produced rainbow trout. Limited research conducted in this field in the country has shown that larvae's growth indices and survival rates of Danish imports were superior to domestically produced larvae (Mahdavi et al., 2012). Additionally, Fattahi Tari and colleagues (2013) revealed that French rainbow trout had a higher protein content than Iranian samples of the same weight. Currently, Spanish eyed eggs are abundantly imported into the country and cultured in many farms (Mohammadi et al., 2023). It had previously been established that imported Spanish rainbow trout had better growth performance and survival compared to Iranian rainbow trout (Mohammadi et al., 2023). The current study involved conducting approximate analysis tests and environmental stress challenges to compare the carcass quality and resistance to acute temperature and acidic/alkaline pH stressors in Spanish and Iranian rainbow trout raised in spring water and rivers. MATERIALS AND METHODSDuring this study, a total of 864 specimens of rainbow trout fry—both domestically bred and imported from Spain (432 specimens of each)—were selected as experimental populations. These specimens, with initial weights of 19 grams for Spanish rainbow trout and 25 grams for Iranian rainbow trout, were stocked in 12 rearing tanks. The experimental treatments comprised four groups of Iranian and Spanish rainbow trout, each reared in two different water sources (spring and river) over a three-month period (90 days) in three replicates.The approximate composition of the whole body, including moisture, protein, fat, and ash, was evaluated using standard methods recommended by the Association of Official Analytical Chemists (AOAC, 2005). At the end of the feeding period, 20 fish from each treatment were randomly selected and subjected to three stress challenges—temperature stress, acidic pH, and alkaline pH—in two replicates for each stressor. The survival rate of the fish after exposure to stress was assessed and compared. RESULTS Over the 90-day period, the protein content in the flesh of Spanish and Iranian rainbow trout did not show a significant difference in either the river or spring water sources. However, within Iranian rainbow trout, significantly, higher protein content observed in river compared to spring water (P<0.05). The percentage of carbohydrates in the flesh of Spanish rainbow trout from the river water treatment and Iranian rainbow trout from river water did not show a significant difference (P>0.05).Spanish rainbow trout showed a 75% survival rate in both spring and river water sources. However, 100% of Iranian rainbow trout in both spring and river water sources were observed to be lethargic, dark in color, and at the water surface after 6 hours of temperature stress and 7 hours of acidic and alkaline pH stress. The survival rate of Spanish rainbow trout in both spring and river water sources against temperature stress, acidic pH, and alkaline pH stressors was significantly higher than that of Iranian rainbow trout in both spring and river water sources (P<0.05). DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSION The largest exporters of eyed eggs of rainbow trout to Iran include countries such as Spain, Denmark, France, Norway, and the United States. Nevertheless, comprehensive and definitive information comparing the performance of imported cultured fish to those bred in Iran is lacking. Previous studies have shown that imported Spanish rainbow trout exhibit better growth performance and survival compared to Iranian rainbow trout (Mohammadi et al., 2023). In the current study, the meat quality and resistance to acute temperature and pH stressors in Spanish and Iranian rainbow trout raised in two different water sources, spring and river, were examined and compared.The results did not reveal significant differences in the flesh analysis between Spanish and Iranian rainbow trout. However, the carcass protein content in Iranian rainbow trout was significantly higher in river water compared to spring water, which may be due to temperature and water quality differences in these two water sources.Environmental stresses, including temperature and pH stresses, particularly in intensive fish farms, can lead to reduced growth performance, health issues, and fish mortality. According to a study by Wagner et al. (1997), high temperature stress combined with high pH significantly contributed to fish mortality in rainbow trout. The current research indicated that the survival rate of Spanish rainbow trout in both spring and river water sources against temperature stress, acidic pH, and alkaline pH stressors was significantly higher than that of Iranian rainbow trout. This suggests that the breeding improvement in Spanish rainbow trout likely contributed to enhanced resistance against environmental stressors. These findings align with the better growth0 performance of Spanish rainbow trout compared to Iranian rainbow trout (Mohammadi et al., 2023).In conclusion, this study demonstrated that Spanish rainbow trout exhibited greater resilience against environmental stressors compared to Iranian rainbow trout. Additionally, considering the better growth and survival of imported Spanish rainbow trout compared to Iranian ones, it can be inferred that the better performance of Spanish rainbow trout is due to the implementation of breeding improvement programs in this species.
علوم زیستی دریا
Behzad Dehwari; Arash Shakuri; Amir Vazirizadeh
Abstract
Biodiversity and population changes of waterfowl and waterside birds are considered as one of the indicators of evaluating the desirability of coastal habitats. In this research, the biodiversity of Waterfowl and waterside birds in the coastal habitats of Chabahar has been investigated and evaluated ...
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Biodiversity and population changes of waterfowl and waterside birds are considered as one of the indicators of evaluating the desirability of coastal habitats. In this research, the biodiversity of Waterfowl and waterside birds in the coastal habitats of Chabahar has been investigated and evaluated in a four-year period. In the four-year census in five coastal habitats of Chabahar, which was carried out by the total counting method, 43,946 birds belonging to 6 orders, 13 families and 46 species of Waterfowl and waterside wintering birds were observed and identified Waterfowl species with 82.62% and waterside species with 17.38% of all birds were included. The Laridae family was counted with 53.18% of the most birds. And the Charadriidae family (Plovers) with 20 species had the highest species diversity among Waterfowl and waterside wintering birds. The study of bidiversity indices showed that the highest species diversity index of Shannon Weiner belonging to Govater habitat in 2018 ( ) and the lowest related to the Pasabandar habitat in 2016 ( 1/68). The highest species richness index of Margalef related to Govater habitat in 2017 the (R=5/25) and the lowest value related to the Pasabandar habitat in 2016 (R=2.43). The highest value of Pielou's evenness index related to the Govater habitats was J=0.77 in 2016 and the lowest value was J=0.56 for the Pasabandar habitat in 2018. The highest value of Simpson's dominance index related to Govater habitat (D = 0.93) in 2017 and the lowest value related to Govater habitat (D = 0.08) in 2016. The highest value of Berger-Parker index number related to Pasabandar habitat (d=0.45) in 2017 and the lowest value related to Govater habitat (d=0.17) in 2018. The highest value of Buzas-Gibson's evenness index related to the Ramin habitat ( =0.24) in 1998 And the lowest value related to the Pasabandar habitat ( in 1997. The results of biodiversity indicators show that Govater and Tis habitats have more favorable conditions for aquatic and aquatic migratory birds than other habitats (p>0.05).
علوم زیستی دریا
Hassan Zadabbas Shahabadi; Arash Akbarzadeh; Hamideh Ofoghi; Sabihe Soleimanian-Zad; Saeid Kadkhodaei
Abstract
In modern aquaculture, energy consumption, raw materials used, and environmental effects should be considered, therefore, during the last decade, phytase has been used by aquatic feed industries as an enzyme supplement to increase the digestibility and absorption of plant compounds and improve growth ...
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In modern aquaculture, energy consumption, raw materials used, and environmental effects should be considered, therefore, during the last decade, phytase has been used by aquatic feed industries as an enzyme supplement to increase the digestibility and absorption of plant compounds and improve growth performance along with reducing phosphorus pollution in the aquatic environment. In this study, by using the Clustered Regularly Interspaced Short Palindromic Repeats (CRISPR) system, the bacterial phytase gene was inserted into the model microalgae Chlamydomonas reinhardtii in the designed position of the NR gene, and the correct editing was checked and confirmed by PCR. Confirmation of the efficiency and expression of the phytase gene placed in the NR site was investigated using SDS Page gel. Also, the translation of the phytase gene was confirmed by SDS PAGE on five colonies containing the correct editing and one control sample colony as confirmation of the expression of the transgene inserted at the protein level, which indicated the successful transcription and translation of the phytase gene inserted in the exon 2 position of the microalgae NR gene. considering the benefits of producing and using phytase enzymes in aquatic diets, reducing production costs and eutrophication of aquatic ecosystems will be achieved and it can be a new perspective to accelerate the commercial production of other recombinant proteins in organisms with nutritional value "C. reinhardtii" and provide the development of the fish feed industry and modern aquaculture.
علوم زیستی دریا
matin khaleghi; Ahmad Savari; Alireza Safahieh; Mohsen Hamidian pour; Sadroddin Ghaemmaghami
Abstract
This study was carried out in the Gowatr mangrove forests in Gulf of Oman, on September 2017 and May 2018 during high tide with the aim of quantifying production, biomass carbon stocks of Avicennia marina and introduce of PnET-CN model. The results was showed that the mean of aboveground biomass was ...
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This study was carried out in the Gowatr mangrove forests in Gulf of Oman, on September 2017 and May 2018 during high tide with the aim of quantifying production, biomass carbon stocks of Avicennia marina and introduce of PnET-CN model. The results was showed that the mean of aboveground biomass was 28.09 ± 4.52 and 28.51 ± 4.49 t/ha, moreover, the mean of aboveground carbon stock was 11.22 ± 1.83 and 11.34 ± 1.7 t/ha, and the mean of primary production was 219.251 and 238.171 gC/m2.mo in September 2017 and May 2018, respectively. The estimated of the production and biomass carbon stocks using PnET-CN model was showed that the mean of production was 289.051 and 291.487 gC/m2.mo and the mean of aboveground biomass carbon was 12.29 and 12.76 t/ha in September 2017 and May 2018, respectively. The PnET-CN model could predict the effects of simultaneous changes in several environmental variables on the interactions among several ecosystem processes and it could estimate the amount of tree carbon stock and primary production with proper validation. PnET-CN model shown ecosystem models extended our understanding of the forest carbon cycle spatially and temporally and generated additional information about carbon stocks and fluxes.
علوم زیستی دریا
Rahim Abdi; Azam Asad Seftjani; Mohammad Ali Salari Aliabadi; Zahra Basir
Abstract
In order to study the effect of button mushroom compost, chemical fertilizer and superphosphate on head Kidney and some blood biochemical parameters in fresh water aquaculture, after transferring fish to pools with dimensions of one hectare with equal length and width with water height of two meters ...
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In order to study the effect of button mushroom compost, chemical fertilizer and superphosphate on head Kidney and some blood biochemical parameters in fresh water aquaculture, after transferring fish to pools with dimensions of one hectare with equal length and width with water height of two meters from a single source for two months, received button mushroom compost and chemical fertilizer. In each of groups, about 20 pieces of healthy fish with the same biometric characteristics were taken. After performing the usual laboratory procedures, separation of ALT and AST enzymes was assessed by parsazmon laboratory kit. The ALP enzyme was also measured by nitrofenil phosphate P, which is based on its ability to break phosphate groups in acidic pH. LDH, TG, Alb, COL, Na, K and Ca were measured by using the parsazmon laboratory kits and autoanalyzer device and TP levels were measured by Bradford method. The levels of AST, ALT, Alb and Ca in the group two showed a significant decrease compared to the treatment group three in most of the species (p0.05). LDH, COL, ALP and Na did not differ significantly between the groups.TP, K and TG in the group two showed a significant increase compared to the group three (p0.05). According to the recent findings, it can be concluded that button mushroom compost can be used as a suitable substitute for chemical fertilizers in fresh water fish breeding ponds.
علوم زیستی دریا
Iman Amirzadekani; Nasim Zanguee; Seyed Mohammad Mousavi; Mohammad Zakeri
Abstract
270 fish (with an average initial weight: 20.04±0.19 g) were randomly distributed in 27 polyethylene tanks and fed by the carp commercial diet. The experimental treatments of 9 groups (4 groups with 3, 6, 9, and 12% of alfalfa powder, 4 groups with 1, 2, 3, and 4% of alcoholic extract and one ...
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270 fish (with an average initial weight: 20.04±0.19 g) were randomly distributed in 27 polyethylene tanks and fed by the carp commercial diet. The experimental treatments of 9 groups (4 groups with 3, 6, 9, and 12% of alfalfa powder, 4 groups with 1, 2, 3, and 4% of alcoholic extract and one control group) with three replications were considered for 8 weeks. At the end of the experimental period, the activity of digestive enzymes was measured in terms of U/mg Protein and liver composition. Based on the results, the highest levels of activity of digestive enzymes, amylase (674.74±61.57), lipase (6/21±/096), alkaline phosphatase (452.84±28.18), trypsin (282.05±19.98) and chymotrypsin (0.10±0.001) in the extracts of 3%, 3%, 3%, 4% and 4% extracts, respectively, and the lowest amount of these enzymes were observed respectively with values of 388.17±38.27 (control), 2.51±0.55 (control), 187.7±19.36 (12% powder), 0.030±0.004 (12% powder) and 132.47±11.47 (9% powder) (P <0.05). The highest amount of hepatic glycogen (338.35±192.13 µg/g tissue) was measured in the 3% extract treatment and the lowest amount of hepatic glycogen (607.01±101.23 µg/g tissue was in the control treatment (P <0.05). The highest level of liver lipids (146.51±6.05 mg/g tissue) was observed in the treatment of 6% powder and the lowest level of liver lipids (72.99±4.46 mg/g tissue) was observed in the treatment of 12% powder (P <0.05). According to the present study, adding powder and especially alfalfa extract to the diet can increase the activity of digestive enzymes and increase liver lipid and glycogen at certain levels.
علوم زیستی دریا
Mozhdeh Nahayat; Mohammad Zakeri; Amir Parviz Salati; Ahmad Ghasemi
Abstract
This study aimed to determine the effect of feeding frequency on growth, nutrition, and survival indices in rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss). In this experiment, 216 rainbow trout with an average weight of 38 ± 0.11 g were distributed in 18 (300-liter fiberglass) tanks complete randomly. Three ...
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This study aimed to determine the effect of feeding frequency on growth, nutrition, and survival indices in rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss). In this experiment, 216 rainbow trout with an average weight of 38 ± 0.11 g were distributed in 18 (300-liter fiberglass) tanks complete randomly. Three experimental treatments include different feeding times 1, 3, and 5 times a day (treatments 1, 2, and 3, respectively), were fed with 6 replications and based on 5% of biomass weight for 90 days. At the end of the experimental period, a significant difference was observed in all growth indices. In all these indicators, treatment 2 was superior to treatment 3. A significant difference was observed between treatments 2 and 1. The results of measuring feed efficiency ratio in this study showed that feed efficiency in treatment 1 has the lowest value and has a significant difference with treatments 2 and 3 (P<0.05). The highest value of this index was observed for treatment 2, while there was no significant difference with treatment 3. The lowest survival rate was observed in treatment 1, and the highest value was observed in treatment 2. The economic efficiency ratio showed the three times a day in treatment 2 the most cost-effective feeding times. So that the maximum amount of food cost was observed in treatment 1, and the minimum amount was observed in treatment 2. The results showed the frequency of feeding 3 times a day in terms of production in rainbow trout.
علوم زیستی دریا
Zahra Yarahmadi; Bita Archangi; Ahmad Savari; Mohammad Bagher Nabavi
Abstract
The objective of this study was to morphological description and phylogenetic study of Ornithocercus magnificus in Bandar Abbas waters. The genus Ornithocercus is a heterotrophic dinoflagellate of the family Dinophysaceae. The samples were collected using a phytoplankton net (mesh size: 20 µm) ...
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The objective of this study was to morphological description and phylogenetic study of Ornithocercus magnificus in Bandar Abbas waters. The genus Ornithocercus is a heterotrophic dinoflagellate of the family Dinophysaceae. The samples were collected using a phytoplankton net (mesh size: 20 µm) equipped with a flowmeter in surface waters. The plankton samples were scanned and identified with an inverted microscope. Then, the SSU rDNA gene fragment from individual cells have been amplified using the polymerase chain reaction and sequenced for the Iranian strain of this species. Phylogenetic analyzes were performed by Maximum Likelihood (ML) and Maximum parsimony (MP) methods. In this study, two new sequences of SSU rDNA from O. magnificus were reported for the first time and deposited in the GenBank. Morphological studies showed that the isolated cells from Iranian water were O. magnificus. Generally, the results showed; the morphological results of O. magnificus were matched with the molecular results of this study. Phylogenetic analysis grouped isolated Iranian sequences with O. magnificus and formed a monophyletic clad with other members of this genus as sister groups. The genus Histioneis is the closest relative to Ornithocercus.
علوم زیستی دریا
Davood Mafi-Gholami; Abolfazl Jaafari
Abstract
This study investigates changes in the integration status of mangroves of Hara Biosphere Reserve in the face of changes of rainfall and drought occurrences over a 31-year period (1986-2017). For this purpose, the 31-year time series of satellite images and precipitation data were used and the values ...
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This study investigates changes in the integration status of mangroves of Hara Biosphere Reserve in the face of changes of rainfall and drought occurrences over a 31-year period (1986-2017). For this purpose, the 31-year time series of satellite images and precipitation data were used and the values of the number of patches (NP) and the largest patch index (LPI) as well as the SPI valueswere obtained during the period. The results of the change in the number of patches and the largest patch index with the change in the pre1998 (wet period) and post-1998 (dry period) showed that with increasing SPI values (positive values) in the pre-1998 period (wet season), the number of patches and the index of largest patch decreased and in the post-1998 (drought period) the negative SPI values increased the number of patches and the index of the largest In fact, the results showed an increase in the size of the main cores and large vegetative patches (increased structural integrity) of the Reservoir during the wet season and its reverse trend during the drought period. According to the principles of landscape ecology, an increase in the number of patches and in the index value of the largest patch (due to a decrease in the total area of the habitat) in the post-1998 period indicates the destruction of this habitat in recent years. The results of this study are of value to assess the vulnerability of these habitats to the consequences of climate change.
علوم زیستی دریا
Amin Mohammad Hosseini; Sedigheh Battaleb-Looie; Hakimeh Amanipoor
Abstract
The current situation of freshwater pollution is worrying, Due to the limited fresh water resources and the increase in population and the expansion of cities and the development of industry and agriculture around the rivers, it is necessary to use the available resources correctly. Heavy metals are ...
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The current situation of freshwater pollution is worrying, Due to the limited fresh water resources and the increase in population and the expansion of cities and the development of industry and agriculture around the rivers, it is necessary to use the available resources correctly. Heavy metals are one of the non-degradable and important pollutants that exist in water, sediments and living organisms. These elements are present both in natural sources, weathering of mineral rocks and seepage from the soil, and anthropogenic sources stemming from human activities. In this study, 45 water samples of the Karun River from 5 different stations were analyzed by an Atomic Absorption Spectrometer device (AAS) for lead, mercury and cadmium content. The results show that the highest amount of pollution is related to station number 1 and the lowest amount of heavy metal pollution is related to station number 5. Pollution decreases from station number 5 to station 5. According to the results of the indices: metal index (MI), heavy metal pollution index (HPI) and degree of pollution (Cdeg), the water of the Karun river in the study area is polluted with heavy metals, some samples have moderate pollution and some They have a high degree of pollution and are undrinkable. Statistical analysis also shows that the pollution of the Karun River is not from a single source and it is possible to look for the lithology of the area (natural factor) which should be traced to the formations upstream of the dam, as well as human activities in the area (human activities). Named as the main factors of pollution.
علوم زیستی دریا
Ainaz Khodanazary; Soraya Salehi; Eshagh Zamani
Abstract
The aim of this study was the effect of peeled and unpeeled shrimp on microbiological, physicochemical and sensory properties of white shrimp (Metapenaeus affinis) stored under ice. Physicochemical (TVBN, pH, TBA and FFA), bacteriological (mesophilic, psychrophilic, Enterobacteriaceae and Staphylococcus), ...
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The aim of this study was the effect of peeled and unpeeled shrimp on microbiological, physicochemical and sensory properties of white shrimp (Metapenaeus affinis) stored under ice. Physicochemical (TVBN, pH, TBA and FFA), bacteriological (mesophilic, psychrophilic, Enterobacteriaceae and Staphylococcus), color and sensory analysis were carried out at 0, 4, 8, 12 and 16 days of storage. Mesophilic, psychrophilic, Entrobacteriaceae and Staphylococcus counts of peel and unpeeled shrimp stored in ice increased from 4.27 log10 cfu/g, 5.29-5.32 log10 cfu/g, 3.25-3.99 log10 cfu/g and 3.86 log10 cfu/g to 7.50-7.62, 7.20-7.83, 6.75-7.13 and 6.42-6.69 at day 16, respectively. Mesophile, Entrobacteriaceae and Staphylococcus counts were lower in unpeeled white shrimp compared to peeled white shrimp during ice storage. However, thiobarbituric acid, free fatty acid, total volatile nitrogen and pH contents of peeled and unpeeled white shrimp did not show significant difference during storage on ice (P>0.05). Results of sensory evaluation revealed that peeled shrimp has not improved the sensory quality and color parameter of the white shrimp. Using the acceptability limit mesophilic counts (7 log cfu/g) showed that shelf life for unpeeled and peeled white shrimp stored at ice was 8 days.
علوم زیستی دریا
Maryam Khorramabadi; Ainaz Khodanazary; Ebrahim Rajabzadeh Ghatrami
Abstract
In This study, effects of chitosan and alginate enriched with gallic acid on quality of common carp (Cyprinus carpio) were investigated during refrigerated storage at 12 days.Treatments included 1) control, 2) chitosan, 3)alginate, 4) alginate-chitosan, 5)alginate-gallic acid, 6)chitosan-gallic acid, ...
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In This study, effects of chitosan and alginate enriched with gallic acid on quality of common carp (Cyprinus carpio) were investigated during refrigerated storage at 12 days.Treatments included 1) control, 2) chitosan, 3)alginate, 4) alginate-chitosan, 5)alginate-gallic acid, 6)chitosan-gallic acid, 7)alginate-chitosan-gallic acid. Comparative aerobic mesophilic bacterial counts and psychrophilic bacterial counts of control and treated samples indicated that the highest amount of aerobic mesophilic bacterial and psychrophilic bacterial counts is related to control sample (8.47 and 8.91 Log10CFU /g, respectively) and the lowest amount of them is related with samples coated with chitosan-alginate enriched with gallic acid (7.21 and 7.22 Log10CFU /g, respectively). TBA, FFA, TVB-N, and pH contents of fillets coated with alginate-chitosan enriched with gallic acid were 0.21 mg MDA/kg fish tissue, 3.91 % Oleic acid, 25.24 mg N/100g, and 7.28, respectively, which had the lowest amount in the mentioned indexes compared with other treatments (P<0.05). The results showed that bacteria analysis, TVBN content, and pH content were significantly (P<0/05) lowest contents in the samples treated with alginate compared to control group in the end of storage. Results of sensory evaluation indicated that treated fillets had higher score in compared to control samples. Alginate-chitosan coating enriched with gallic acid indicated the gighest antimicrobial and antioxidant activities compared to other coatings. Therefore, to extend the shelf life and delay the deterioration of fresh common carp fillets during refrigerated storage, alginate-chitosan coating in combination of gallic acid is more effective for 3 days.
علوم زیستی دریا
Hooman Makvandi; Mahsa Haghi; Mohammad Zakeri
Abstract
The goal of the current study was to determine how feeding interactions among three species of tilapia affected growth and survival indices at various weights in the laboratory. In this study, four experimental groups were examined based on various weights at 60 days in the lab: control, the interaction ...
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The goal of the current study was to determine how feeding interactions among three species of tilapia affected growth and survival indices at various weights in the laboratory. In this study, four experimental groups were examined based on various weights at 60 days in the lab: control, the interaction of Blue-Nile, the interaction of Blue-Zilli, and the interaction of Nile-Zilli. The most of growth-related indices in the Nile control were more appropriate than in other control treatments. The increase in body weight was significantly different across various treatments, according to the results of the growth and survival indices of Blue and Zilli. Zilli had 100% survival in treatments 6-7 and minimal survival in treatment 5. Blue tilapia also had the maximum survival in treatment 4 and the lowest survival in treatment 7. The results of Nile and Blue's growth and survival indices similarly revealed significant differences in most growth and survival indicators. So, in treatment 11, Nile tilapia showed the highest growth in body weight. Furthermore, the 10th treatment for the Nile considerably reported the lowest FCR. In this experiment, the Nile's highest survival rate was 100%. In Blue, the survival rate was at least 73.3%. The results of growth and survival indices were significantly affected by the exposure of Nile and Zili, like the other two interactions. In the 12th and 13th treatments, the FCR was assessed to be the lowest in Zilli and Nile. Nile in treatment 13 achieved 100% survival in the feeding interaction of Nile and Zilli. Blue tilapia appears to have less food competition than Zili and Nile. It was discovered that Nile, Zilli, and, Blue tilapia of varying weights exhibit more intense food competition behavior in laboratory conditions.
علوم زیستی دریا
Abdolsamad Dehghan; Ahmad Savari; Tooraj Valinassab; babak Doustshenas; Parvin Sadeghi
Abstract
To study the effects of monsoon on the richness and seasonal changes in the density of crabs in the intertidal area of the southern coast of Sistan and Balouchestan province, sampling was carried out in 2013 (based on the intensity of the monsoon) in three seasons: pre-monsoon, monsoon and post-monsoon ...
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To study the effects of monsoon on the richness and seasonal changes in the density of crabs in the intertidal area of the southern coast of Sistan and Balouchestan province, sampling was carried out in 2013 (based on the intensity of the monsoon) in three seasons: pre-monsoon, monsoon and post-monsoon using quadrats (Dimensions 50x50 cm and depth 10 cm), in 5 different stations. During the research, organic matter, salinity and temperature were also measured. Altogether, in this study, 17 species belonging to 10 families and 15 genera were identified. Based on the two-way ANOVA analysis results, a significant difference in brachyuran crab density and diversity was observed between the three seasons. The lowest species richness and density between the three seasons were recorded during the monsoon due to environmental stress. On the other hand, due to the presence of favorable environmental conditions for crabs, the highest density and species richness were observed in the prior and post-monsoon seasons. The statistical comparison of density in different stations showed that due to the significant relationship between density, grain size, and other environmental conditions, Jazireh Krahang and Gowater stations have the highest amount of TOM throughout the year, the presence of mud substrate and mangrove ecosystem has the highest species richness and density. In contrast, the lowest density has been recorded at Tiss and Bris. Monsoons can affect the ecology of living organisms differently. Totally, Monsoons can cause a decrease in the density and abundance of crabs during monsoon season in the intertidal zone due to their extensive effects on environmental conditions such as the content of organic matter and substrate conditions.
علوم زیستی دریا
Marzieh Afrakhte; Hossein Mohammad Asgari; Heiva Elmizade; Oliagholi khalilipour; Seyed Hossein Khazaei
Abstract
the important causes of drying up of wetlands in recent years in Iran are the continuation of drought, improper water management, land use change, and pressures caused by water shortage in the downstream areas of rivers. With the drying of the wetland, in addition to the reduction of local biological, ...
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the important causes of drying up of wetlands in recent years in Iran are the continuation of drought, improper water management, land use change, and pressures caused by water shortage in the downstream areas of rivers. With the drying of the wetland, in addition to the reduction of local biological, social and economic services of the wetland, another big environmental problem is created, and that is the becoming wetland to dust source. This change causes many environmental, social and economic damages. The purpose of this research is to investigate the changes in the area of Horalazim wetland between 2000 and 2023. To achieve this goal, the Google Earth Engine {GEE} platform was used, and by using MODIS satellite images and calculating the NDWI index, the wetland area was calculated in each image. In order to check the condition of the wetland in detail, the annual minimum, maximum and average time series of the wetland area were extracted and the anomaly of area in three states of minimum, maximum and average were calculated. The results showed that the driest year is the year 2000 with less than 0.25 of the wetland area, and the largest area is in 2019 with about 3 times the average area. The analysis of the maximum and minimum limit series along with the corresponding images determines the areas affected by drought and flood, and it is possible to implement appropriate management programs in these areas during periods of drought and flood. It should be noted that by increasing the area of the wetland, the Horalazim dust center, which is one of the most active dust centers, is controlled.
علوم زیستی دریا
Nasim Parniyan; Leila Abdoli; Asghar Abdoli
Abstract
A study was conducted to determine food habits brown trout (Salmo trutta), 63 specimen (42 males and 21 females) were caught using an electrofishing in January 2016. The range of total Length for males were 10.3-17.0 cm and for females 10.4-19.3 cm. Weight of males and female were the range of 8.1- 46.1 ...
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A study was conducted to determine food habits brown trout (Salmo trutta), 63 specimen (42 males and 21 females) were caught using an electrofishing in January 2016. The range of total Length for males were 10.3-17.0 cm and for females 10.4-19.3 cm. Weight of males and female were the range of 8.1- 46.1 g and 8.05-76.12 g respectively. After counting and identifying the contents of the stomach, four prey, Trichoptera, Ephemeroptera, Plecoptera and Diptera were identified, with Trichoptera with 37.60% and Diptera with 52.24% having the highest relative frequency. According to Castello, the brown trout 's feeding strategy was general and the predominant prey was Trichoptera, and female specimens use Trichoptera exclusive. The mean Shannon index of male and female were 1.26 and 1.12, respectively, and there was no significant difference between the mean Shannon index of male and female. The mean Evenness index for males and females were 0.95 and 0.81, respectively, but there was no significant difference between the mean Evenness index in male and female. The relative gut Length (RLG) and diet composition of S. trutta suggests carnivore
علوم زیستی دریا
Hakime Fartoosi; Ebrahim Rajabzadeh Ghatrami; Ainaz Khodanazary; Hossein Pasha Zanoosi
Abstract
The acidic and alkaline conditions of marine food products have an effect on the quality of the products and the duration of their storage in the organolyptic state. In this research, the effect of different levels of Iranian lime juice on the biochemical and organoleptic characteristics of Vanami shrimp ...
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The acidic and alkaline conditions of marine food products have an effect on the quality of the products and the duration of their storage in the organolyptic state. In this research, the effect of different levels of Iranian lime juice on the biochemical and organoleptic characteristics of Vanami shrimp for 60 days at freezer temperature was investigated. Biochemical parameters TVB-N, TBA, FFA and pH and organoleptic characteristics in control treatments (without adding lime juice), treatment 1 with one percent, treatment 2 with two percent and treatment 3 with three percent lime juice in 0 days. 16, 32, 48 and 60 were examined. The results showed that the parameters of pH, FFA, TBA and TVB-N showed an increasing trend in all 4 treatments with increasing storage time, but the value of these parameters decreased significantly with the increase in the level of lemon juice, and the lowest in the treatment containing 3% lemon juice. had the amount (P<0.05). At the end of the storage period (60 days of storage) with the increase in the level of lemon juice, the score given to the taste, smell and color of the shrimps was more favorable (P<0.05). On day 60, the treatment with 2% lemon juice had the highest score and the control treatment had the lowest score for taste (P<0.05). There was a difference in the amount of 1, 2 and 3% lemon juice on the 12th day of shrimp shelf life (P<0.05). 0P<) and the treatment containing 3% lemon juice showed the highest quality. Regarding the sensory parameters such as taste and smell, the 2% lemon juice treatment showed the highest quality (P<0.05). According to the results, lemon juice can be used as a suitable additive to increase the shelf life of shrimp and maintain its quality and taste.
علوم زیستی دریا
Reza Soltani; Ainaz Khodanazary; Seyyed Nasrollah Hosseini
Abstract
The objective of this study was to evaluate the freshness of gutted tigertooth croaker stored on refrigerator up to 16 days. Changes during storage were observed with sensory evaluation (Quality Index Methode QIM), pH, total volatile basic nitrogen (TVB-N), thiobarbitoric acid (TBA), and microbiological ...
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The objective of this study was to evaluate the freshness of gutted tigertooth croaker stored on refrigerator up to 16 days. Changes during storage were observed with sensory evaluation (Quality Index Methode QIM), pH, total volatile basic nitrogen (TVB-N), thiobarbitoric acid (TBA), and microbiological analyses (total mesophilic and psychrotrophic count). The maximum shelf life of gutted tigertooth croaker stored in refrigerator was determined with loss of freshness (sensorial, physico-chemical and microbiological evaluations). High correlation R2= 0.857 between Quality Index (QI) and storage time was verified. QI ranged from zero (maximum freshness) to 34 (total loss of freshness) and reached the acceptable limit for consumption. The microbiological results showed an increase of mesohilic and psychrotrophic counts along the storage time. TVB-N ranged from 12.55 to 67.70 mg N/ 100g, pH from 5.95 to 7.85, and TBA from 0.70 to 2.16 in the first and 16th day of storage, respectively. It is suggested that gutted tigertooth croaker has to be fresh and acceptable for consumption by cooling up to 12 days.