علوم زیستی دریا
Shahla Hamid; Faedeh Amini; Solmaz Shirali; Kamal Ghanemi; Ahmad Shadi
Abstract
In this study, the amount of heavy metals (nickel, cadmium, lead, copper, mercury) in brown algae Sargassum sp., Padina sp. and Cystoseira sp., sediments and the amount of mercury in water were also measured. ampling was done during winter 2016 and summer 2017 at four stations from the shores of Bushehr.Analysis ...
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In this study, the amount of heavy metals (nickel, cadmium, lead, copper, mercury) in brown algae Sargassum sp., Padina sp. and Cystoseira sp., sediments and the amount of mercury in water were also measured. ampling was done during winter 2016 and summer 2017 at four stations from the shores of Bushehr.Analysis of heavy metals in sediments and algae after chemical digestion and preparation was investigated by Savanta model atomic absorption spectrophotometer. The order obtained from the concentration of heavy metals in Padina sp. cadmium > lead > nickel > copper > mercury, for Sargassum sp. as lead > copper > nickel > cadmium > mercury and for Cystoseira sp. It is in the form of copper > lead > nickel > cadmium > mercury, among which Padina sp algae had the highest accumulation of heavy metals. The order of concentration of metals in sediments was nickel > lead > copper > cadmium > mercury. All metals, except for lead metal, have a higher average in the summer season, and the average mercury metal in water was measured at 0.23 micrograms per gram of dry weight. Correlation results showed that the concentration of heavy metals (nickel, cadmium, lead, copper, and mercury) in macroalgae Padina sp, Sargassum sp, sp. Cystoseira and their adjacent sediments in the shores of Bushehr, two algae Sargassum sp. and sp. Cystoseira have a greater ability to accumulate heavy metals.Cystoseira have a greater ability to accumulate heavy metals. According to the obtained results, the concentration of heavy metal mercury in the waters of the shores of Bushehr city with its amount in the studied algae, it seems that Sargassum sp. It is a suitable material for biological monitoring of this metal in the study area.
علوم زیستی دریا
Zahra Yarahmadi; Bita Archangi; Ahmad Savari; Mohammad Bagher Nabavi
Abstract
The objective of this study was to morphological description and phylogenetic study of Ornithocercus magnificus in Bandar Abbas waters. The genus Ornithocercus is a heterotrophic dinoflagellate of the family Dinophysaceae. The samples were collected using a phytoplankton net (mesh size: 20 µm) ...
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The objective of this study was to morphological description and phylogenetic study of Ornithocercus magnificus in Bandar Abbas waters. The genus Ornithocercus is a heterotrophic dinoflagellate of the family Dinophysaceae. The samples were collected using a phytoplankton net (mesh size: 20 µm) equipped with a flowmeter in surface waters. The plankton samples were scanned and identified with an inverted microscope. Then, the SSU rDNA gene fragment from individual cells have been amplified using the polymerase chain reaction and sequenced for the Iranian strain of this species. Phylogenetic analyzes were performed by Maximum Likelihood (ML) and Maximum parsimony (MP) methods. In this study, two new sequences of SSU rDNA from O. magnificus were reported for the first time and deposited in the GenBank. Morphological studies showed that the isolated cells from Iranian water were O. magnificus. Generally, the results showed; the morphological results of O. magnificus were matched with the molecular results of this study. Phylogenetic analysis grouped isolated Iranian sequences with O. magnificus and formed a monophyletic clad with other members of this genus as sister groups. The genus Histioneis is the closest relative to Ornithocercus.
علوم زیستی دریا
Khatereh Mehrabani; Mohammad Khosravizadeh; Vahid Yavari; Seyed Mehdi Hosseini; Omid Beyraghdar Kashkooli
Abstract
The aim of this study was to estimate the amount and species composition of discards in bottom trawl fisheries in the Bosif fishing ground in the coastal waters of Khuzestan. Furthermore, the biological parameters of discarded species were assessed. Specimens were collected from commercial catch data ...
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The aim of this study was to estimate the amount and species composition of discards in bottom trawl fisheries in the Bosif fishing ground in the coastal waters of Khuzestan. Furthermore, the biological parameters of discarded species were assessed. Specimens were collected from commercial catch data of trawl vessels in three seasons, autumn and winter 2017 and summer 2018. The results showed that discarded samples included 33 species from 28 families. Orangefin Pony fish and striped piggy species were the most frequent species in this study. The results also showed that the mean length of most of the discards species was below 30 centimeters. The amount of discards per unit of catching effort was 57.33±9.87, 27.50±16.64 and 32.33±7.50 in the autumn, winter and summer seasons, respectively. The catch per surface area in autumn, winter and summer were 2.77 ± 0.064, 0. 73 ±0.39 and 1.73 ± 0.44 kg/nm2, respectively. The results showed that CPUE and CPUA in winter were significantly higher than those in autumn and summer (p<0.05). In general, the results of this study represent high fishing pressure on ecologically important species in Bosif fishing ground especially in their critical life cycle which may affect local ecosystem structure and function in future.
علوم غیرزیستی دریا
Abbas Modheji; Yadollah Nikppour Ghanavati; Arash Larki; Foad Buazar
Abstract
Measurement of heavy metals in water, sediment and fish has always been a measure of environmental pollution and its impact on the human ecosystem. In this study, sampling was done from Khorramshahr fish market and sampling of Lutjanidae, Sciaenidae, Cynolossidae, Psettodidae, Stromateidae and shrimp ...
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Measurement of heavy metals in water, sediment and fish has always been a measure of environmental pollution and its impact on the human ecosystem. In this study, sampling was done from Khorramshahr fish market and sampling of Lutjanidae, Sciaenidae, Cynolossidae, Psettodidae, Stromateidae and shrimp muscle. According to the results, the concentration of Fe heavy metal was higher than all other metals in all studied samples. Concentration changes were observed for other heavy metals in fish muscle tissue and shrimp Metapenaeus affinis, respectively, Zn> Cu> Ni> Pb> Cd. The highest concentrations of Cd and Pb in salted and shelled fish with 0.19 and 0.24 µg / g and for Fe and Zn in salted fish were 14.14 and 8.42 µg / g, respectively. Metals were measured with concentrations of 20.9 and 9.98, respectively. Iron and zinc concentrations in shrimp were 32.13 and 15.18 µg / g, in nickel fish 0.29 µg / g and finally, the highest concentration of Pb was observed in shrimp fish with 0.24 µg / g. The highest amount of contamination was observed in shrimp and Fe metal with a concentration of 32.13 µg / g. Whereas, the least contamination was observed in white halva. The reason for this was that the cadmium content was lower than the detection range.
علوم انسانی دریا
Mohammad Pakdel; hamed mohagheghnia; Bahram D Yousefi; lena abdolkhani
Abstract
From the beginning of the formation of Islamic independence, various discourses have been formed to counter the threats as well as to secure the national interests. The Persian Gulf region has been one of the priorities of the Islamic Republic. The strategy that has been proposed to ensure the security ...
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From the beginning of the formation of Islamic independence, various discourses have been formed to counter the threats as well as to secure the national interests. The Persian Gulf region has been one of the priorities of the Islamic Republic. The strategy that has been proposed to ensure the security of the Persian Gulf region is to apply the theory of deterrence. The deterrent strategy balances the confrontation with the United States as well as the countries of the Persian Gulf region and ensures and maintains the security of the Persian Gulf. As the three countries, Saudi Arabia, the United Arab Emirates and Bahrain, are trying to prevent a security agreement between Iran and the Gulf countries, and their effort is to keep the United States open to the region in order to prevent Iranian influence. Therefore, it is necessary to use a deterrent strategy to deal with crisis-causing and destabilizing factors and to promote Iran's position. According to the research, it should be said that the impact of the strategic security environment of the Persian Gulf on the deterrence system of the Islamic Republic of Iran is that firstly our strategy leads us to a defensive strategy and secondly, our deterrence system leads to triangular and network deterrence. In this descriptive-analytical study, an attempt has been made to study the deterrent system of the Islamic Republic of Iran in the Persian Gulf.
علوم زیستی دریا
Kobra Jalali; Babak Doustshenas; Ahmad Savari; Nasrin Sakhaei
Abstract
The transfer of alien and invasive species through the ballast water of vessels is one of the most important threats to aquatic ecosystems. This study aimed to investigate the ballast water of 10 vessels entering the export port of Majidiyeh Mahshahr in 2018. A sampling of zooplankton from each ...
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The transfer of alien and invasive species through the ballast water of vessels is one of the most important threats to aquatic ecosystems. This study aimed to investigate the ballast water of 10 vessels entering the export port of Majidiyeh Mahshahr in 2018. A sampling of zooplankton from each vessel was performed by filtering 100 litres of ballast water of each vessel using a plankton sampling net with 50 μm mesh with three replications. Simultaneously, environmental factors including dissolved oxygen, acidity, temperature, and salinity were measured with 3 replications in the ballast water of the vessels. The results of a one-way analysis of variance showed that there is a significant difference between the vessels entering the export port of Majidiyeh in terms of the average density of Copepods. The highest average density 3.2×104 ind/m-3 and the number of species (36 species) related to ARGO1 ship from Bandar Abbas and the lowest average density 1×104 and the lowest number of species (24 species) belonged to PRECIGIOUS and GUNISHLI from Fujairah, UAE, respectively. There was a significant positive correlation between the average density of Copepods with temperature and dissolved oxygen. In total, 3 orders, 20 families, 28 genera, and 56 species were identified. All identified species except Oithona davisae have been previously reported from the Persian Gulf. O. davisae species was found only on the CONSTANTINOS ship from the port of Fujairah, UAE. It is native to the coastal waters of East Asia, especially around Japan and China, and has been reported in the Black Sea, the central Mediterranean, and more recently in the Aegean Sea. This research can be important for assessing the potential risk of new invasive species as well as for improving the quantitative and quality management practices of ships' ballast water.
علوم زیستی دریا
Dariush Mohammadi kia; Ahmad Savari; Babk Dostshenas; Hossein Mohammad Asgari
Abstract
Plankton survey in coastal area of Southern Waters Qeshm was carried out in two season cold and warm and four stations (Parke Zeyton Beach, Soza Beach, Shibdraz Beach and Salakh Beach) during 2015 and 2016. In this study phytoplankton species belonging to 4 order Bacillariophyceae (Diatoms),Dinophyceae ...
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Plankton survey in coastal area of Southern Waters Qeshm was carried out in two season cold and warm and four stations (Parke Zeyton Beach, Soza Beach, Shibdraz Beach and Salakh Beach) during 2015 and 2016. In this study phytoplankton species belonging to 4 order Bacillariophyceae (Diatoms),Dinophyceae (Dinofellagelates), Chlorophyceae and Cyanophceae (blue-green algae) were identified. phytoplankton identification was done until genus and 31 ditoms, 11 from dinofllagelates, 6 from Chlorophyceae and 4 genus from cyanophyceae were identified.The mean (± SE) of density, biodiversity indices of Simpson,Pielo Shannon and Margalef were respectively 6705.72±63.9 Cell/L, 0.82±0.34,1.12±0.17 , 1.9±0.19, and 2.61±0.38 in season warm and 5666.13±53.2 Cell/L, 0.77±0.06, 1.12±0.11 , 1.9±0.17 and 2.26±0.43 in season cold.The seasonal similarity based on Sorensen's and Jaccard's coefficients were highest (0.97 and 0.88) for - two season warm and cold. In addition, there were significant correlation between Simpson and Shannon-Weiner diversity with salinity and PO4, and phytoplankton density with salinity and pH. A ccording to the results obtained can be concluded that both the area of ecological conditions in ranks are instead moderate. Also, phytoplankton of diversity and richness is good.
علوم غیرزیستی دریا
Mohammad Taghi Zamanian; Masoud Sadrinasab; Mehri Fallahi
Abstract
The design of oceanic numerical model for Persian Gulf to predict oceanic phenomena and parameters is one of the most important ways of preventing or solving problems environment and designing of the oceanic model similar to it is an effective method that can explain physical response of environment ...
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The design of oceanic numerical model for Persian Gulf to predict oceanic phenomena and parameters is one of the most important ways of preventing or solving problems environment and designing of the oceanic model similar to it is an effective method that can explain physical response of environment to different situations. Purpose of this research is designing oceanic numerical model for environment similar to Persian Gulf, to predict its reaction in return effect of tide and wind. This three-dimensional model based on primitive equations in spherical coordinates system with sigma vertical coordinate. To solve equations of model is used finite difference method. Compared with similar models, model framework and calculate more logical tension between are the benefits of this model. An oceanic five-layer basin is considered with maximum and minimum depth 100m and 80.09m. The average daily wind in Persian Gulf, the average daily salinity and water temperature and the changes in the water level in Strait of Hormuz are used in this model. The two-year implementation of model showed that in this basin, the tidal force is a dominant force compared with windy force and density gradient, also the maximum current in strait is 1.98 m/s which can create anticlockwise circulation in basin. Maximum total change of water height is 2.98 m in relation to the static level. Implementation results of this model correspond to the oceanographic reality of Persian Gulf, while matches with purpose; it is the basis of suitable model for Persian Gulf.
Omid Mahpeykar; Mohammadreza Khalilabadi; Karim Kenarkoohi
Abstract
ArvandRoud is known as the most important fresh water inlet of the Persian Gulf and plays a key role in controlling salinity, especially in its northern portion. Since the northern part of the Persian Gulf is exchanged with lagoons and wetlands due to tide, its salinity is of great importance to the ...
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ArvandRoud is known as the most important fresh water inlet of the Persian Gulf and plays a key role in controlling salinity, especially in its northern portion. Since the northern part of the Persian Gulf is exchanged with lagoons and wetlands due to tide, its salinity is of great importance to the ecosystem of the region and the coasts of Khouzestan. In this study, using the Mike model based on the three-dimensional solution of the Navier Stokes equations, assumption of incompressibility, Boussinesq aproximation, and hydrostatic pressure, the effect of Arvandroud on Persian Gulf salinity in two states has been investigated investigated: with a discharge rate of 1400 m3/s and without Arvandroud. The results show that by ignoring the entrance of the Arvandroud to the Persian Gulf, the peak of salinity at the Gulf increases to 7 PSU and affects the southern half of the Persian Gulf along the Arabian coasts. Also, results implicitly indicate that Arvandroud discharge rate has no effect on the amount of water entering and leaving the Strait of Hormuz.
علوم انسانی دریا
Gholamraez Firoozi; Hamed Mohaghegh Niya; Shiva Jalalpor; Freydoon Akbar Zadeh
Abstract
Islamic Republic of Iran and Saudi Arabia are two important and decisive countries in the Middle East and the Persian Gulf, and various reasons have led to continued tensions in relations between the two countries. At present, for various reasons, the relations between the two countries are moving towards ...
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Islamic Republic of Iran and Saudi Arabia are two important and decisive countries in the Middle East and the Persian Gulf, and various reasons have led to continued tensions in relations between the two countries. At present, for various reasons, the relations between the two countries are moving towards divergence, and a vague future for the relations between the two countries is conceivable.The subject of the present study is the analysis of tensions and competition between Iran and Saudi Arabia in the Persian Gulf region. In other words, the aim of the present study is to investigate the main cause of tension in the relations between the Islamic Republic of Iran and Saudi Arabia in the Persian Gulf and evaluate it based on the structure of international relations. The research method of this research has been done in terms of descriptive-survey and exploratory data analysis. The research findings show that due to the regional development in the Persian Gulf including the crisis in Syria, Iraq, Yemen, and the nuclear deal between Iran and European countries, Iran’s power and influence has been increased and this condition has been considered as a threat by Saudi resulting in an increasing tension and conflicts between the two countries which might develop and continue. Differences in relations between the two countries, which could increase competition. Given the above and Iran's influential power in the region, Saudi Arabia has provided the necessary ground for USA and Israeil influence in the region and has established close ties with Israel. Therefore, the approach of clear political relations in the future of the two countries is vague and tense.
علوم زیستی دریا
maryam moazami; Mohammad Ali Salari-Aliabadi; bita archangi; Hossein Zolgharnein; Ahmad ghasemi
Abstract
In this study, genetic diversity of Pinctada persica population was evaluated using PCR-RFLP method. To determine and compare genetic diversity of P. persica populations in khark, shidvar, hendurabi and larak islands, 51 samples were collected from 1-6 m depths. DNA of samples was extracted by CTAB method. ...
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In this study, genetic diversity of Pinctada persica population was evaluated using PCR-RFLP method. To determine and compare genetic diversity of P. persica populations in khark, shidvar, hendurabi and larak islands, 51 samples were collected from 1-6 m depths. DNA of samples was extracted by CTAB method. A pair of primers of Pinctada persica was used for polymerase chain reaction. Enzymatic digestion of PCR yield was performed using, AvaΙΙ, DdeΙ, HindIII, SfaNΙ and TaqΙ restriction enzymes. DNAs were collected and stained with silver staining after subjected to poly acrylamide gel electrophoresis The results revealed that electrophoresis and enzymatic digestion fragments of the 51 samples collected from four stations in the northern coast of Persian Gulf with all 5 enzymes were the same The results of this study confirm that Pinctada persica Based on the studied gene is completely homogenous in these stations and show no genetic diversity.