Journal of Marine Science and Technology

Journal of Marine Science and Technology

Seasonal and annual variability in wind fields and circulation of surface waters of the Caspian Sea

Document Type : Original Manuscript

Authors
D Mansoury 1
M Sadrinasab 2
M Akbarinasab 3
1 Department of Physical Oceanography, Faculty of Marine Science, Khorramshahr University of Marine Science and Technology, Iran.
2 Graduate Faculty of Environment, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran
3 Department of Physical Oceanography, Faculty of Marine Science, University of Mazandaran, Babolsar.
10.22113/jmst.2017.47005
Abstract
Seasonal and annual variability in circulation of surface waters of the Caspian Sea were studied using POM model. In this model, temperature and salinity field’s data and wind field and the flow of atmospheric data were collected from WOA and daily data bank ECMWF, respectively, with an resolution of 5.7 minutes and the time step of 6 hours and for Bathymetry from GEBCO08 data with an resolution of 30 seconds is used. Initially, the model for ten years (1988-1997) was carried out and, after examining the stability of the model with measurement data available (1996) were compared, that good agreement between their temperature and salinity changes observed. Then, for the last ten years (2005-2014) in two cases (with and without taking into account the flows of atmospheric wind field data and rivers) model was implemented. The results showed that changes in water flow in all seasons, in shallow areas, wind field indicates the dominant effect on the region, but in deep, wind has less effect on the flow. Changes in mean annual surface water circulation of the Caspian Sea show three of the water circulation. A relatively weak clockwise circulation is in the northern basin and a counterclockwise circulation great stronger (gyre) in the center of the middle basin and a relatively small strong clockwise circulation in South of the southern basin due to their seasonal circulations, wind force in the northern basin and shallow areas the Caspian Sea are more effective in the formation of water flows.
Keywords
"wind field"
"water circulation"
"POM model"
"Caspian Sea"
Badalov A.B., Rzheplinsky  D.G., 1989. Modeling of the Caspian Sea upper layer dynamics under the forcing by synoptic atmospheric processes. In: Sarkisyan, A.S. (Ed.), Modeling of Hydrophysical Processes and Fields in Closed Basins and Seas. Nauka, Moscow, pp. 31 – 51 (in Russian).
Baidin S.S., Kosarev A.N., 1986. The Caspian Sea, Hydrology and hydrochemistry, Nauka, Moscow.
Gunduz M. and Ozsoy E., 2014. Modelling seasonal circulation and thermohaline structure of  the Caspian Sea, Ocean Sci., 10, 459-471.
Ibrayev R. A., Ozsoy E., Schrum C., and Sur H. I., 2010.Seasonal variability of the Caspian Sea three-dimensional circulation, sea level and air-sea interaction, Ocean Sci., 6, 311-329.
Kara A Birol., Wallcraft, Alan J.,  Metzger E J., Gunduz M., 2010. Impacts of freshwater on the seasonal variations of surface salinity and circulation in the Caspian Sea, Continental Shelf Research 30, 1211–1225.
Knysh V.V., Ibrayev R.A., Korotaev G.K. and Inyushina N.V., 2008. Seasonal variability of climate currents in the Caspian Sea reconstructed by assimilation of climatic temperature and salinity into the model of water circulation. Journal of Atmospheric and Oceanic Physics, 44: 236-249.
Kosarev A.N., 2005. Physico-geographical conditions of the Caspian Sea. In: The handbook of environmental chemistry, vol 5, Part P. Springer, Berlin, pp 5–31.
Kosarev A.N., Yablonskaya E.A., 1994. The Caspian Sea. SPB Academic Publishing, The Hague, Netherlands 259pp.
Krylov N.A., 1987. The Caspian Sea, geology and oil and gas resources. Nauka, Moscow.
Lavrova O. Yu., Mityagina M. I., Sabinin K. D., Serebryany A. N., 2011. Satellite Observations of Surface Manifestations of Internal Waves in the Caspian Sea, Atmospheric and Oceanic Physics, Vol. 47, No. 9, pp. 1119-1126.
Mellor G. L., 2002. Users guide for a three-dimensional primitive equation, numerical ocean model, program in Atmospheric and Oceanic Sciences, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ 08544-0710.
Oey L., Chang Y.-L., Lin Y.-C., Chang M.-C., Xu F., and Lu H.-F., 2012. ATOP-The advanced Taiwan Ocean Prediction System based on the mpiPOM. Part1: Model Descriptions, Analysis and Results, Terr. Atmos. Sci., Vol. 24, No. 1, 137-158.
Terziev F.S., Kosarev A.N., Aliev A.A., 1992. Hydrometeorology and hydrochemistry of the seas, Vol. 6. The Caspian Sea, Issue 1. Hydrometeorological conditions. Gidrometeoizdat, St. Petersburg.
Trukhchev D., Kosarev A., Ivanova D., Tuzhilkin V., 1995. Numerical  analysis  of  the  general  circulation in the Caspian Sea, Comptes Rendus de l’Academie Bulgare des Sciences, Sofia, 48(10), 35–38.
Tuzhilkin V.S. and Kosarev A.N., 2005.Thermohaline structure and general circulation of the Caspian Sea, the handbook of environmental chemistry, vol 5, Part P. Springer, Berlin, pp 33–57.
Tuzhilkin V.S., Kosarev A.N., Trukhchev D.I., Ivanova D.P. 1997. Sezonnye osobennosti obchey  cirkulyacii  vod glubokovodnoy chasti Kaspiiskogo moray, Meteorologiya I Gidrologiya، 1,91-99.
UNESCO -IHP-IOC-IAEA, 1996. workshop on sea level rise and multidisciplinary studies of environmental processes in the Caspian region 9-12 May. Paris, Farance IOC workshop No 108.

  • Receive Date 28 January 2016
  • Revise Date 08 May 2016
  • Accept Date 19 June 2017
  • Publish Date 22 May 2018