Journal of Marine Science and Technology

Journal of Marine Science and Technology

Effects of dietary oxidized fish oil on growth and lipid metabolism in hybrid sturgeon (Huso huso ♂×Acipenser ruthenus♀)

Document Type : Original Manuscript

Authors
Soleiman Hasanpour 1
Amir Parviz Salati 1
Bahram Falahatkar 2
Hamid Mohammadi Azarm 1
1 Department of Fisheries, Faculty of Marine Natural resources, Khorramshahr University of Marine Science and Technology
2 2. Fisheries Department, Faculty of Natural Resources, University of Guilan 3. Department of Marine Sciences, the Caspian Sea Basin Research Center, University of Guilan
10.22113/jmst.2016.41156
Abstract
Oxidation of fat in fish diet caused by oxygen penetration, high temperature and metal catalysts is common. the effects of feeding diets containing oxidized fish oil on growth indices and lipid metabolism in young hybrid sturgeon, (Huso huso ♂× Acipenser ruthenus♀) was investigated. 3 different diets: a control group, Group OFO50 (50% oil fish oxidized), Group OFO100 (100% oil fish oxidized) was designed. 90 young sturgeon hybrids with an average initial weight of 212/6 ± 0/7 g, after 2 weeks adaptation to the experimental conditions, randomly divided in the 9 fiberglass tank with a volume of 700 liters dewatering. Feeding was performed three times daily (8:00, 14:00 and 20:00) according to the appetite during the period of study. After 6 weeks sampling was done to assay the growth parameters and biochemical indices. in oxidized oil-fed groups, the adverse impact on growth in both groups was seen The significant reduction in cholesterol, triglycerides, was observed in OFO100 groups. The results showed that feeding the hybrid sturgeon with diets containing oxidized fish oil, causing a negative impact on growth and lipid metabolism. Although a slight increase in the percentage of body weight gain and specific growth rate was recorded, but it was undesirable and have been related to the increased visceral fat.
Keywords
oxidized lipid
hybrid sturgeon
growth
fat metabolism
blood biochemistry

Subjects

Baker, R. T. M., Davies, S. J. (1996). Oxidative nutritional stress associated with feeding rancid oils to African catfish (Clarias gariepinus) and the protective role of alpha-tocopherol. Aquacult. Res. 27: 795-803.
Baker, R. T. M., Davies, S. J. (1997). Modulation of tissue α-tocopherol in African catfish (Clarias gariepinus) fed oxidized oils, and the compensatory effect of supplemental dietary vitamin E. Aquacult. Nut. 3: 91-97.
Bronzi, B. P., Rosenthal. H., Gessner, J. (2011). Global sturgeon aquaculture production: an overview. J. App. Ichthyol. 27: 169-175.
Boglino, A., Darias, M. J., Estevez, A., Andree, K. B., Sarasquete, C., Ortiz-Delgado, J. B., Sole, M., Gisbert, E. (2014). The effect of dietary oxidized lipid levels on growth performance, antioxidant enzyme activities, intestinal lipid deposition and skeletogenesis in Senegalese sole (Solea senegalensis) larvae. Aquacult. Nut. 20: 692-711
Chen, Y. J., Liu, Y. J., Yang, H. J., Yuan, Y., Liu, F.J., Tian, L. X., Liang, G. Y., Yuan, R. M. (2011). Effect of dietary oxidized fish oil on growth performance, body composition, antioxidant defence mechanism and liver histology of juvenile largemouth bass (Micropterus salmoides). Aquacult. Nut. 18: 321-331.
Cowey, C. B. (1984). The effect of vitamin E and oxidized fish oil on the nutrition of rainbow trout (Salmo gairdneri) grown at natural, varying water temperatures. Bri. J. Nut. 51: 443-451.
-Deng, D. F., Koshio, S., Yokoyama, S., Bai, S., Shao, Q., Cui, Y., Hung, S. S. O. (2003). Effects of feeding rate on growth performance of white sturgeon (Acipenser transmontanus) Larvae. Aquaculture 217: 589-598.
Dong, G., Zhu, X., Ren, H., Nie, B., Chen, L., Li, H., Yan, B. (2012). Effects of oxidized fish
 
oil intake on tissue lipid metabolism and fatty acid composition of channel catfish (Ictalurus punctatus). Aquacult.. Res. 1-14.
Dong, X. L., Lei, W., Zhu, X. M., Han. D., Yang, Y. X., Xie, S. Q. (2011). Effects of dietary oxidized fish oil on growth performance and skin colour of Chinese longsnout catfish (Leiocassis longirostris). Aquacult.. Nut. 17: 861-868.
Eder, K. (1999). The Effects of a Dietary Oxidized Oil on Lipid Metabolism in Rats. Lipids 34: 717-725.
Eder, K. (1999). The effect of an oxidized dietary oil on plasma cholesterol and thyroid hormone concentrations in miniature pigs fed on a hyperlipidemic diet. Anim. Physiol. Anim. Nut. 82: 271-281.
Eder, K., Stangle, G. I. (2000). Plasma thyroxine and cholesterol concentrations of miniature pigs are influenced by thermally oxidized dietary lipids. Nut. Int. Toxicol. 130: 116-121.
Eder, K., Seulzle, A., Skufca P., Brandsch, C., Hirche, F. (2003). Effects of dietary thermoxidized fats on expression and activities of hepatic lipogenic enzymes in rats. Lipids 38: 31-38.
 Folch, J., Lees, M., Slone, S. G. H. (1957). A rapid method for the isolation and purification from animal tissues of total lipids.Biology. j. Chem. 226: 497-511.
Fontagne, S., Bazin, D., Brèque, J., Vachot, C., Bernarde, C., Rouault, T. and Bergot P. (2006). Effects of dietary oxidized lipid and vitamin A on the early development and antioxidant status of Siberian sturgeon (Acipenser baeri) larvae. Aquaculture 257: 400-411.
Gao, J., Koshio, S., Ishikawa, M., Yokoyama, S., Mamauag, R. E. P., Han, Y. (2012). Effects of dietary oxidized fish oil with vitamin E supplementation on growth performance and reduction of lipid peroxidation in tissues and blood of red sea bream (Pagrus major). Aquaculture 356-357: 73-79.
Hamre, K., Kolas, K., Sandnes, K., Julshamn, K., Kiessling, A. (2001). Feed intake and absorption of lipid oxidation products in Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar) fed diets coated with oxidized fish oil. Fish. Physiol. Biochem. 25: 209-219.
Han, Y. Z., Ren, T. J., Jiang, Z. Q., Jiang, B. Q., Gao. J., Koshio. S., Komilus, C. F. (2012). Effects of palm oil blended with oxidized fish oil on growth performances, hematology, and several immune parameters in juvenile Japanese sea bass, (Lateolabrax japonicas). Fish Physiol. Biochem. 38: 1785-1794.
Higdon, J. V., Frei, B. (2003). Tea catechins and polyphenols: health effects, metabolism and antioxidant functions. Crit. Rev. Foo. Sci. Nut. 43: 89-143.
Howell, B. R., Day, O. J., Ellis, T., Baynes, S. M. (1998). Early life stages of farmed fish. In: Black, K. D., Pickering, A. D. (eds) Biology of farmed fish. Sheffield Academic Press, Sheffiled, pp. 27-66.
Huang, C. H., Huang, S. L. (2004). Effect of dietary vitamin E on growth, tissue lipid peroxidation, and liver glutathione level of juvenile hybrid tilapia, (Oreochromis niloticus x O. aureus) fed oxidized oil. Aqua. 237: 381-389.
Hung, S. S. O., Cho, C. Y., Slinger, S. J. (1981). Effect of oxidized fish oil, DL-α-tocopheryl acetate and ethoxyquin supplementation on the vitamin E nutrition of rainbow trout (Salmo gairdnerifed) practical diets. J. Nut. 111: 648-654.
Hung, S. S. O., Lutes, P. B., Shqueir, A. A., Conte, F. S. (1993). Effect of feeding rate and water temperature on growth of juvenile white sturgeon (Acipenser transmontanus). Aquaculture 115, 297-303.
-Karalazos, V. (2007). Sustainable alternative to fish meal and fish oil in fish nutrition: Effects on growth, tissue fatty acid composition and lipid metabolism. Ph.D Thesis. Institute of aquaculture, university of stirling, Scotland, 205p.
Koshio, S., Ackman, R. G., Lall, S. P. (1994). Effects of oxidized herring and canola oils in diets on growth, survival, and flavor of Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar). Agri. Food. Chem. 42: 1164-1169.
Lewis-McCrea, L. M., Lall, S. P. (2007). Effects of moderately oxidized dietary lipid and the role of vitamin E on the development of skeletal abnormalities in juvenile Atlantic halibut (Hippoglossus hippoglossus). Aquaculture 262: 142-155.
Lus, M., Durazo, E., Teresa V. M., Drawbridge, D. P. (2009). Effect of dietary lipid levels on performance, body composition and fatty acid profile of juvenile white seabass, (Atractoscion nobilis). Aquaculture 289: 101-105.
Luci, S., Keonig, B., Giemsa, B., Huber, S., Hause, G., Kluge, H., Stang, G. I., Eder, K. (2007). Feeding of a deep-fried fat causes PPARa activation in the liver of pigs as anon-proliferating species. Bri. J. Nut. 97: 872–882.
Mates, J. M., Perez, G. C., De, C, I. N. (1999). Antioxidant enzymes and human diseases. Clin. Biochem. 32: 595-603.
Mayer, F. L., Versteeg, D. G., McKee, M. J., Folmar, L. C., Graney, R., McCume, D. C., Rattner, B. A. (1992). Metabolic products as biomarkers. In: Huggett, R.J., Kimerly, R.A., Mehrle, P.M., Bergman, H.L. (eds) Biomarkers: Biochemical, Physiological and Histological Markers of Anthropogenic Stress pp. 5–86. Lewis Publishers, Chelsea, MI, USA.
 Mourente, G., Diaz-Salvago, E., Bell, J. G., Tocher, D. R. (2002). Increased activities of hepatic antioxidant defence enzymes in juvenile gilthead sea bream (Sparus aurata) fed dietary oxidized oil: attenuation by dietary vitamin E. Aquaculture 214: 343-361.
Murai, T., Akiyama, T., Ogata, H., Suzuki, T. (1988). Interaction of dietary oxidized fish oil and glutathione on fingerling yellowtail (Seriola quinqueradiata). Nip. Sui. Gak. 54: 145-149.
Nasopoulou, C., Zabetakis, I. (2012). Benefits of fish oil replacement by plant originated oils in compounded fish feeds. A review. LWT-Food Sci. Technol. 47: 217-224.
Obach, A., Quentel, C., Laurencin, F. B. (1993). Effects of alphatocopherol and dietary oxidized fish oil on the immune response of sea bass (Dicentrarchus labrax). Aquaculture 15: 175-185.
Ogata, H. Y., Shearer, K. D. (2000). Influence of dietary fat and adiposity on feed intake of juvenile red sea bream (Pagrus majar). Aquaculture 189: 237-249.
Ringseis, R., Eder, K. (2011). Regulation of genes involved in lipid metabolism by dietary oxidized fat. General. Intro. Food Science. Technol. 55: 109-121.
Sargent, J. R., Tocher, D. R., Bell, J. G. (2002). The lipids. In: Halver, J. E, Hardy, R. W (eds) Fish Nutrition, 3rd edn. Academic Press Inc. San Diego, pp 182-246.
Stavros, C., Panagiotidou, M., Papaioannou, N., Pavlidis, M. (2010). Effect of dietary lipid levels on growth, feed utilization, body composition and serum metabolites of meagre Argyrosomus regius juveniles. Aquaculture 307: 65-70.
 Silverstein, J. T., Shearer, K. S., Dickhoff, W. W., Plisetskaya, E. M. (1999). Regulation of nutrient intake and energy balance in salmon. Aquaculture 177: 161-169.
Tocher, D. R., Mourente, G., Van der Eecken, A., Evjemo, J. O., Diaz, E., Wille, M., Bell, J. G., Olsen, Y. (2003). Comparative study of antioxidant defence mechanisms in marine fish fed variable levels of oxidised oil and vitamin E. Aquacult. Int. 11: 165-216.
Xiang, F. L., Wen, B. L., Yang, Y. J., Hao, Z., Xian, P. G. (2010). Effects of dietary protein and lipid levels in practical diets on growth performance and body composition of blunt snout bream (Megalobrama amblycephala) fingerlings. Aquaculture 303(1-4): 65-70.
Vicetti, R., Ishittani, T., Salas, A., Ayava. M. (2003). Use of alfa-tochopherol combined with synergists and compared to other antioxidants on the oxidative stability of sardine skin lipids. J. Food Compos. Anal. 18(2-3): 131-137.
Zhong, Y., Lall, S. P., Shahidi, F. (2007). Effects of oxidized dietary oil and vitamin E supplementation on lipid profile and oxidation of muscle and liver of juvenile Atlantic cod (Gadus morhua). Agri. Food Chem. 55: 6379-6386.
Zhong, Y., Lall, S. P., Shahidi, F. (2008). Effects of dietary oxidized oil and vitamin E on the growth, blood parameters and body composition of juvenile Atlantic cod (Gadus morhua). Aquacult. Res. 39: 1647-1657.
Journal of Marine Science and Technology
Volume 15, Issue 2
Autumn 2016
Pages 78-88

  • Receive Date 25 April 2015
  • Revise Date 23 May 2015
  • Accept Date 26 December 2015
  • Publish Date 22 August 2016