Journal of Marine Science and Technology

Journal of Marine Science and Technology

Molecular Assessment of Banana Shrimp ( Fenneropenaeus merguiensis) Populations in Persian Gulf Fishing Areas Using Microsatellite Markers

Document Type : Original Manuscript

Authors
Ali Ghavampour 1
Mohammad Ali Salari Aliabadi 2
Hossein Zolgharneen 2
Bita Archangi 2
1 Bushehr Fisheries General Directorate, Bushehr, Iran.
2 Department of marine biology, Faculty of Marine Science and Oceanography, Khorramshahr University of Marine Science and Technology, Khorramshahr, Iran.
10.22113/jmst.2020.204079.2317
Abstract
ABSTRACT
Identifying the genetic structure of the country's marine stocks is an effective method for efficient fisheries management. One of the valuable shrimp species in the Persian Gulf is the banana shrimp (Fenneropenaeus merguiensis), which accounts for approximately 60% of the total annual shrimp catch in Hormozgan province. This study examined the genetic diversity of this species in four fishing grounds: Grok, Kolahi, Bandar Abbas power plant, and Tula. It also evaluated the population of 1-gram shrimp released in the Khoriat area, using microsatellite markers and 10 primers. Results from the genetic distance matrix (Fst) indicated the highest and lowest genetic distances between the Grok-Tula and Bandar Abbas-Kolahi fishing grounds, with values of 0.065 and 0.01, respectively (p≤0.05).
Additionally, the analysis of gene flow among the studied populations and fishing grounds showed the lowest and highest values between the Kolahi-Power Plant and Grok-Tula populations, at 7.815 and 3.37, respectively. The expected and observed heterozygosity values fell within a non-significant range, with means of 0.679 ± 0.008 and 0.482 ± 0.02, respectively. The highest and lowest allele frequencies in the studied populations were recorded in the Grok fishing ground (4.8 ± 0.2) and the Tula fishing ground (3.8 ± 0.133). The lowest and highest numbers of specific alleles were found in the Tula population and the released shrimp population, with counts of zero (0) and 3 ± 0.213 alleles for the Bandar Abbas power plant population, respectively.The genetic assignment test revealed the highest divergence between the released shrimp population and Tula fishing ground (13.063 ± 2.897), and the lowest divergence between Kolahi and the power plant (8.255 ± 2.119). Based on these results, it can be concluded that the reconstruction of F. merguiensisshrimp stocks does not negatively affect genetic diversity in these fishing grounds. Furthermore, the distance from mangrove habitats and the impact of regional hydrodynamic currents on the dispersal of pelagic larvae in the eastern and western regions of Hormozgan province play a decisive role in genetic distance and gene flow among shrimp populations. Therefore, it is essential to consider these factors when implementing stock enhancement projects for this species.
 
1. INTRODUCTION
Banana shrimp, with the scientific name *Fenneropenaeus merguiensis*, belongs to the Penaeidae family and is the most abundant shrimp species in Hormozgan province. Its distribution aligns closely with that of mangrove habitats. The main purpose of genetic resource identification (GSI) in aquatic animals is to investigate distribution patterns and genetic diversity within and between populations. The most appropriate tools for this purpose are genetic markers. The development of molecular markers, especially microsatellites, has significantly advanced statistical algorithms and enhanced the capacity to analyze and evaluate the genetic roots of diversity across different populations. Examining the genome of banana shrimp released in the Khoriat region of Hormozgan province can facilitate the identification and evaluation of population dynamics, aiding future fisheries and marine ecosystem management in the area.
 
2. MATERIALS AND METHODS
A total of 30 juvenile *Fenneropenaeus merguiensis* shrimp, with an average weight of 1 gram, were prepared for release in Khortiab after a nursery period in the earthen pools of the Shahid Kalahi Center (Minab, Hormozgan). One year post-release, sampling was conducted from four major fishing grounds in Hormozgan province, ranging from the eastern to the western waters. After the cruise, all samples were transferred to the refrigerator at the Bushehr Shrimp Research Institute. The genetic material was extracted using the CTAB method and employed for PCR, utilizing 10 primers to evaluate genetic diversity. Population comparisons were conducted with GenAlex software, and an evolutionary tree was constructed using the UPGMA method in TFPGA version 1.3 software. Gene flow, allelic frequency, and genetic diversity were also assessed.
 
3. RESULTS
The genetic distance matrix (Fst) revealed the highest and lowest genetic distances between Grok-Tola and Bandar Abbas-Kolahi fishing grounds, respectively, at rates of 0.065 and 0.01 (p≤0.05). Additionally, gene flow among the populations and fishing grounds showed the lowest and highest values between the Kolahi-Nirgah and Grok-Tola populations, respectively, at rates of 7.815 and 3.37. The expected and observed heterozygosity values were within a non-significant range. The highest and lowest allele frequencies in the investigated populations were observed in the Grok fishery (4.8 ± 0.2) and the lowest in the Tula fishery and the released shrimp population (0), with the fishing population of the Bandar Abbas power plant recording 3 alleles ± 0.213. The genetic assignment test indicated the highest divergence between the released shrimp population and the Tula fishery (13.063 ± 2.897) and the lowest between Kolahi and Nirogah fishery (8.255 ± 2.119).
 
4. DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSION
Based on these findings, it can be concluded that the reconstruction of *Fenneropenaeus merguiensis* shrimp stock has no negative effect on genetic diversity within the populations of these fishing grounds. Moreover, the distance from mangrove habitats and the influence of regional hydrodynamic currents play a crucial role in the genetic distance and gene flow between shrimp populations in Hormozgan province.
Keywords
"shrimp"
"Fenneropenaeus merguiensis"
"Persian Gulf"
"microsatellite markers"
"Genetic identification"

Subjects

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Journal of Marine Science and Technology
Volume 23, Issue 4
Autumn 2024
Pages 73-87

  • Receive Date 05 October 2019
  • Revise Date 18 January 2020
  • Accept Date 20 January 2020
  • Publish Date 21 November 2024